苜蓿多糖对妊娠母猪繁殖性能、抗氧化能力、免疫功能和粪便菌群的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.10.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究饲粮中添加不同浓度苜蓿多糖(alfalfa polysaccharides,APS)对妊娠母猪血清激素指标、抗氧化能力、免疫功能、繁殖性能和粪便菌群的影响。【方法】试验随机挑选90头血缘相同、体况一致、背膘相近的妊娠母猪(PIC猪,胎次3～4)，采用单因子完全随机设计，随机分为6组，分别为对照组(CON)及200、400、600、800和1 000 mg/kg APS组(试验A、B、C、D、E组),每组15个重复，每个重复1头猪。预试期10 d(妊娠第45～55天)，正试期80 d(妊娠第55天至仔猪断奶)。试验于妊娠第105天早晨未投料前，每组随机挑选6头猪通过前腔静脉采血，测定血清生化、抗氧化能力和免疫功能指标；试验期间记录母猪总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶窝重等生产指标；母猪产后第1和8天采集猪乳并测定乳常规成分；妊娠第60、80和110天观察母猪粪便情况并记录评分；于妊娠第111～113天从每组中随机选6头猪采集新鲜粪样，测定粪便菌群多样性。【结果】与CON组相比，①C和D组妊娠母猪血清中总抗氧化能力显著升高(P＜0.05)；B组母猪血清IgM含量显著升高(P＜0.05)。②B组妊娠母猪总产仔数和产活仔数、C和D组断奶仔猪平均体重和平均日增重显著升高(P＜0.05)。③A、B、C、D和E组母猪初乳中乳糖含量显著升高(P＜0.05)；B和C组常乳中乳蛋白含量、C组常乳中非脂乳固体和干物质含量显著升高(P＜0.05)。④各试验组母猪妊娠110 d的粪便评分均显著升高(P＜0.05)。⑤在门水平上，A组母猪粪便中厚壁菌门相对丰度显著升高(P＜0.05)；在属水平上，A和B组母猪粪便中埃希氏菌-志贺菌属以及A、B、C和D组母猪粪便中梭状芽孢杆菌属相对丰度显著降低(P＜0.05)，A和B组母猪粪便中克里斯滕森氏菌属、普雷沃菌属相对丰度显著升高(P＜0.05)。【结论】本试验条件下，饲粮中添加600 mg/kg APS对提升妊娠母猪抗氧化能力、免疫功能、提高繁殖性能以及改善乳品质、妊娠母猪便秘以及粪便菌群多样性效果较好。

关键词: 妊娠母猪; 苜蓿多糖; 繁殖性能; 抗氧化能力; 粪便菌群

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment was to explore the effects of different concentrations of alfalfa polysaccharides (APS) to the diet on serum hormone indexes,antioxidant capacity,immune function,reproductive performance and fecal flora of pregnant sows.【Method】 A total of 90 pregnant sows (PIC,parity 3-4) with similar genetics,body condition,and backfat thickness,were randomly assigned to six groups using a single-factor completely randomized design.They were respectively the control group (CON) and the 200,400,600,800 and 1 000 mg/kg APS groups (experimental groups A,B,C,D and E),with 15 replicates in each group and one pig in each replicate.The trial included a 10-day pre-trial (gestation days 45-55) and an 80-day main trial (gestation day 55 to weaning).On the morning of the 55th day of the gestation before feeding,6 pigs in each group were randomly selected for blood collection through the anterior vena cava to determine serum biochemical,antioxidant capacity and immune function indicators.During the experiment,production indicators such as the total litter size of sows,total number born,and the weaning litter weight were recorded.Milk samples were collected on postpartum days 1 and 8 for the routine components analysis.The fecal conditions of sows were observed and the scores were recorded on gestation days 60,80 and 110.From gestation days 111 to 113,6 pigs were randomly selected from each group to collect fresh fecal samples and determine the diversity of fecal microbiota.【Result】 Compared with CON group,①The total antioxidant capacity in the serum of pregnant sows in groups C and D increased significantly (P＜0.5).The serum IgM content of sows in group B increased significantly (P＜0.05).②The total litter size and total number born of pregnant sows in group B,and the average weight and average daily weight gain of weaned piglets in groups C and D were significantly increased (P＜0.5).③The lactose content in the colostrum of sows in groups A,B,C,D and E increased significantly (P＜0.05).The contents of milk protein in normal milk of groups B and C,and the contents of non-fat milk solids and dry matter in normal milk of group C were significantly increased (P＜0.05).④The fecal scores of sows in each experimental group at 110 days of gestation were significantly increased (P＜0.5).⑤At the phylum level,the relative abundance of Firmicutes in fecal of sows in group A increased significantly (P＜0.05).At the genus level,the relative abundances of Escherichia-Shigella in fecal of sows in groups A and B,and Clostridium in groups A,B,C and D were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).The relative abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Prevotella in fecal of sows in groups A and B increased significantly (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Under this experimental condition,dietary supplementation with 600 mg/kg APS significantly improved antioxidant capacity,immune function,and reproductive performance in gestating sows,while concurrently enhancing milk quality,alleviating constipation,and optimizing fecal microbiota diversity.

Key words: pregnant sow; alfalfa polysaccharides; reproductive performance; antioxidant capacity; fecal microbiota

中图分类号:

S828.5

魏海波, 刘宗正, 刘迎春, 孙曙光, 陈玥如, 文凤云. 苜蓿多糖对妊娠母猪繁殖性能、抗氧化能力、免疫功能和粪便菌群的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(10): 4614-4626.

WEI Haibo, LIU Zongzheng, LIU Yingchun, SUN Shuguang, CHEN Yueru, WEN Fengyun. Effects of Alfalfa Polysaccharides on Reproductive Performance,Antioxidant Capacity,Immune Function and Fecal Microbiota in Pregnant Sows[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(10): 4614-4626.

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