壳聚糖对童鸽血清生化指标、免疫功能及肠道微生物的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.10.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨饮水中添加壳聚糖对白羽王鸽童鸽的血清生化指标、免疫功能及肠道微生物的影响，评估壳聚糖在鸽养殖中的应用效果，为其作为鸽饲料添加剂的开发与应用提供理论依据。【方法】选取60只2月龄健康童鸽，随机分为2组：对照组和壳聚糖组，每组设5个重复，每个重复6只鸽。对照组童鸽饲喂基础饲粮，并给予未添加壳聚糖的饮用水；壳聚糖组童鸽饲喂基础饲粮，并在饮水中添加0.2%壳聚糖。试验周期42 d，分别于试验前后对鸽进行空腹称重。试验结束后，每组随机选取5只童鸽，经翅静脉采血后立即屠宰，测定血清生化、免疫功能、屠宰性能、肉品质及肠道微生物等指标。【结果】与对照组相比，壳聚糖组童鸽血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、IgG含量及法氏囊指数极显著或显著升高(P＜0.01；P＜0.05)，总胆红素(T-BIL)、胆汁酸(TBA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、补体3(C3)、C4含量及胸腺指数、脾脏指数等均无显著变化(P＞0.05)；初始体重、终末体重、屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率和胸肌率均无显著变化(P＞0.05)；胸肌pH、红度值(a^*)、黄度值(b^*)、亮度值(L^*)及滴水损失均无显著变化(P＞0.05)。16S rRNA基因测序结果表明，与对照组相比，壳聚糖能够增加童鸽肠道菌群多样性，显著降低回肠中有害菌如弯曲杆菌属的相对丰度(P＜0.05)，且能通过调节菌群组成而影响肠道适应性反应。【结论】本试验条件下，饮水中添加0.2%壳聚糖可增强童鸽的免疫功能，优化肠道微生态环境，有益于童鸽肠道健康。

关键词: 壳聚糖; 童鸽; 生化指标; 免疫性能; 肠道微生物

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to explore the effects of adding chitosan to drinking water on the serum biochemical indicators,immune function and intestinal microbiota of squeakers in White King pigeons,and evaluate the application effect of chitosan in pigeons breeding，so as to provide theoretical basis for its development and application as an additive for pigeon feed.【Method】 Sixty 2-month-old healthy squeakers were selected and randomly divided into two groups:Control group and chitosan group.Each group was further divided into 5 replicates,with 6 pigeons in each replicate.Squeakers in control group were fed with the basal diet and normal drinking water without chitosan addition.Squeakers in chitosan group were fed with the basal diet and chitosan was added to the drinking water at a concentration of 0.2%.The experiment lasted for 42 days.Before and after the experiment,the squeakers were fasted and weighed.After the experiment,five squeakers were selected from each group to measure the changes in serum biochemical indicators,immune function,slaughter performance,meat quality,and intestinal microflora.【Result】 Compared with control group,the contents of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG in serum,and gizzard index of squeakers in chitosan group were extremely significantly or significantly increased (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).However,no significant differences were observed in total bilirubin (T-BIL),bile acids (TBA),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),complement 3 (C3),C4 levels,thymus index,and spleen index (P＞0.05).The initial body weight,final body weight,slaughter rate,half-eviscerated yield,full-eviscerated rate,and breast muscle yield remained unaffected (P＞0.05).The pH,redness (a^*),yellowness (b^*),lightness (L^*),and drip loss rate of breast muscle of squeakers in chitosan group showed no significant changes (P＞0.05).16S rRNA gene sequencing results revealed that chitosan could increase the intestinal microbial diversity in squeakers，and significantly reduced the relative abundance of harmful bacteria such as Campylobacter (P＜0.05),and affected the intestinal adaptive response by regulating the composition of the microbiota.【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment,the addition of 0.2% chitosan to drinking water enhanced the immune function of squeaker and optimized the intestinal microecological environment,thereby benefiting their gut health.

Key words: chitosan; squeakers; biochemical indicators; immune performance; ileal microbiota

中图分类号:

S816.71

高语馨, 孙鸿, 张然, 李昕怡, 李琴, 苑倚绯, 麻慧, 刘青. 壳聚糖对童鸽血清生化指标、免疫功能及肠道微生物的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(10): 4641-4651.

GAO Yuxin, SUN Hong, ZHANG Ran, LI Xinyi, LI Qin, YUAN Yifei, MA Hui, LIU Qing. Effects of Chitosan on Serum Biochemical Indicators,Immune Function,and Intestinal Microbiota of Squeakers[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(10): 4641-4651.

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