酵母肽对四川白鹅免疫功能、消化性能及肠道微生物的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.08.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究饲粮中添加酵母肽对四川白鹅免疫功能、消化代谢性能及肠道微生物的影响。【方法】选择1日龄健康的同批次四川白鹅120只(公母各半)随机分为2组，每组6个重复，每重复10只鹅。对照组鹅饲喂基础饲粮，试验组鹅在基础饲粮基础上添加200 mg/kg酵母肽，自由采食和饮水，试验期共70 d。试验结束后采集鹅颈静脉血测定免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、IgM、IgG含量和溶菌酶活性，屠宰后采集鹅脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊、肝脏、胰腺、肌胃、腺胃、十二指肠、空肠和回肠，测定鹅免疫功能、消化性能、肠道形态结构及微生物。【结果】与对照组相比，①酵母肽组鹅血清中IgM含量和溶菌酶活性以及脾脏指数、法氏囊指数均显著升高(P＜0.05)；②酵母肽组鹅肝脏指数和回肠指数，以及十二指肠长度均显著升高(P＜0.05)，但对鹅十二指肠中消化酶活性及空肠和回肠长度均无显著影响(P>0.05)；③酵母肽组鹅十二指肠和回肠的绒毛高度、绒隐比和黏膜层厚度均显著升高(P＜0.05)；空肠黏膜层厚度和回肠隐窝深度则显著降低(P＜0.05)；④酵母肽组鹅肠道中变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria)、副萨特氏菌属(Parasutterella)、梭菌属(Clostridium_ⅩⅣb)、萨特氏菌属(Sutterella)、孢杆菌属(Sporobacter)、假黄铜单胞菌属(Pseudoflavonifractor)和罗氏菌属(Roseburia)相对丰度均显著提高(P＜0.05)。LEfSe分析发现，与对照组相比，酵母肽组鹅肠道微生物中萨特氏菌科(Sutterellaceae)、伯克氏菌目(Burkholderiales)、β-变形杆菌(Betaproteobacteria)、螺杆菌科(Helicobacteraceae)、弯曲杆菌目(Campylobacterales)和ε-变形菌门(Epsilonproteobacteria)的丰度显著升高(P＜0.05)。【结论】本研究条件下，饲粮中添加200 mg/kg酵母肽能够提高鹅的免疫功能和消化性能，并能改善肠道微生物组成，对提升肠道健康和生产性能有一定作用。

关键词: 四川白鹅; 酵母肽; 免疫功能; 肠道微生物

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed to investigate the effects of yeast peptide on immune function,digestive and metabolic performance and intestinal microorganisms of Sichuan White geese. 【Method】 A total of 120 healthy Sichuan White geese at 1 day of age with equal amount of male and female,were randomly divided into 2 groups,with 6 replicates in each group and 10 geese in each replicate.Geese in control group were fed a basal diet,geese in experimental group were supplemented with 200 mg/kg of yeast peptide on top of the basal diet.Geese had access to feed and water ad libitum in the 70 d of the experiment period.At the end of the test,jugular blood was collected to determine IgA,IgM,IgG contents and lysozyme activity,and spleen,thymus,bursa of Fabricius,liver,pancreas,muscularis propria,glandularis propria,duodenum,jejunum and ileum were collected to determine the immune function,digestive performance,intestinal morphology and microorganisms of the geese. 【Result】 Compared with control group,① IgM content and lysozyme activity in serum,splenic index and bursa of Fabricius index of geese in yeast peptide group were significantly increased (P＜0.05);② The liver index, ileum index,and duodenum length of geese in yeast peptide group were significantly increased (P＜0.05),but there was no significant effect on digestive enzymes activity and the length of jejunum and ileum of geese (P＞0.05);③The villus height,V/C and mucosal layer thickness of duodenum and ileum of geese in yeast peptide group were significantly increased (P＜0.05),while the mucosal layer thickness of jejunum and crypt depth of ileum were significantly lower (P＜0.05);④ The relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Parasutterella, Clostridium_ⅩⅣb, Sutterella,Sporobacter,Pseudoflavonifractor and Roseburia in intestines of geese in yeast peptide group were significantly increased (P＜0.05).The LEfSe analysis results showed that compared with control group,the abundance of Sutterellaceae,Burkholderiales,Betaproteobacteria,Helicobacteraceae,Campylobacterales and Epsilonproteobacteria were significantly increased in yeast peptide group (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The addition of 200 mg/kg of yeast peptide to the feed under the conditions of the present study improved the immune function and digestive performance of geese to a certain extent,as well as improved the intestinal microbial composition and promoted intestinal health.

Key words: Sichuan White geese; yeast peptide; immune function; intestinal microorganisms

中图分类号:

S816.7

何航, 黄榆智, 向邦全, 郝永峰, 刘星妤, 章杰, 彭津津. 酵母肽对四川白鹅免疫功能、消化性能及肠道微生物的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(8): 3661-3671.

HE Hang, HUANG Yuzhi, XIANG Bangquan, HAO Yongfeng, LIU Xingyu, ZHANG Jie, PENG Jinjin. Effects of Yeast Peptide on Immunity Function, Digestive Performance and Intestinal Microorganisms of Sichuan White Geese[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(8): 3661-3671.

参考文献

[1] SANNATHIMMAPPA M B,NAMBIAR V,ARAVINDAKSHAN R.Antibiotics at the crossroads-Do we have any therapeutic alternatives to control the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance?[J].Journal of Education and Health Promotion,2021,10:438.
[2] RIMA M,RIMA M,FAJLOUN Z,et al.Antimicrobial peptides:A potent alternative to antibiotics[J].Antibiotics (Basel,Switzerland),2021,10(9):1095.
[3] LUO Y,SONG Y Z.Mechanism of antimicrobial peptides:Antimicrobial,anti-inflammatory and antibiofilm activities[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2021,22(21):11401.
[4] RODRIGUEZ A A,OTERO-GONZALEZ A,GHATTAS M,et al.Discovery,optimization,and clinical application of natural antimicrobial peptides[J].Biomedicines,2021,9(10):1381.
[5] ZHANG R,XU L,DONG C.Antimicrobial peptides:An overview of their structure,function and mechanism of action[J]. Protein and Peptide Letters,2022,29(8):641-650.
[6] WANG Y,LI J,DAI X,et al.Effects of antimicrobial peptides Gal-13 on the growth performance,intestinal microbiota,digestive enzyme activities,intestinal morphology,antioxidative activities,and immunity of broilers[J]. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins,2023,15(3):694-705.
[7] LIU X,WANG X,SHI X,et al.The immune enhancing effect of antimicrobial peptide LLv on broilers chickens[J].Poultry Science,2024，103(2):103235.
[8] CHOI S C,INGALE S L,KIM J S,et al.An antimicrobial peptide-A3:Effects on growth performance,nutrient retention,intestinal and faecal microflora and intestinal morphology of broilers[J].British Poultry Science，2013，54(6):738-746.
[9] 宋雪莹,高圣玥,李平,等.抗菌肽的来源与作用机理及应用[J].动物医学进展,2024,45(4):112-115. SONG X Y,GAO S Y,LI P,et al.Origin,mechanism and application of antimicrobial peptides[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine,2024,45(4):112-115.(in Chinese)
[10] SILVEIRA R F,ROQUE-BORDA C A,VICENTE E F.Antimicrobial peptides as a feed additive alternative to animal production,food safety and public health implications:An overview[J].Animal Nutrition,2021,7(3):896-904.
[11] HE H,YUAN Y C,WANG F,et al.Effect of yeast peptide dietary supplementation on nutrient digestibility,growth performance,and blood metabolites in geese[J].South Africa Journal of Animal Science,2022,52(5):667-673.
[12] BAO H,SHE R,LIU T,et al.Effects of pig antibacterial peptides on growth performance and intestine mucosal immune of broiler chickens[J]. Poultry Science，2009,88(2):291-297.
[13] ZHANG J,CHENG Y T,WANG F,et al.Effect of dietary yeast culture supplementation on the cecal microbiota modulation of geese[J].Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2021,31:100271.
[14] OGUNDELE M O.A novel anti-inflammatory activity of lysozyme:Modulation of serum complement activation[J].Mediators of Inflammation,1998,7(5):363-365.
[15] CHENG Y,CHEN Y,LI J,et al.Dietary β-sitosterol regulates serum lipid level and improves immune function,antioxidant status,and intestinal morphology in broilers[J].Poultry Science,2020,99(3):1400-1408.
[16] KIM E,KYOUNG H,HYUNG KOH N,et al.Supplementation of live yeast culture modulates intestinal health,immune responses,and microbiota diversity in broiler chickens[J].Journal of Animal Science,2022,100(5):skac122.
[17] ZHANG S,LIAO B,LI X,et al.Effects of yeast cell walls on performance and immune responses of cyclosporine A-treated,immunosuppressed broiler chickens[J].The British Journal of Nutrition,2012,107(6):858-866.
[18] ALIZADEH M,RODRIGUEZ-LECOMPTE J C,ROGIEWICZ A,et al.Effect of yeast-derived products and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance,gut morphology,and gene expression of pattern recognition receptors and cytokines in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2016,95(3):507-517.
[19] YUAN K,MENDONCA L G D,HULBERT L E,et al.Yeast product supplementation modulated humoral and mucosal immunity and uterine inflammatory signals in transition dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(5):3236-3246.
[20] LIU L,CHEN D,YU B,et al.Influences of selenium-enriched yeast on growth performance,immune function,and antioxidant capacity in weaned pigs exposure to oxidative stress[J].BioMed Research International,2021,27:5533210.
[21] WANG T,CHENG K,YU C,et al.Effects of yeast hydrolysate on growth performance,serum parameters,carcass traits,meat quality and antioxidant status of broiler chickens[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2022,102(2):575-583.
[22] 杜红,孙弟芬,易鑫,等.抗菌肽对鹌鹑生长性能、免疫功能、血清抗氧化功能和肠道发育的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2022,40(2):260-268. DU H,SUN D F,YI X,et al.Effects of antimicrobial peptides on growth performance,immune functions,serum antioxidant functions and intestinal development of quail[J].Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University,2022,40(2):260-268.(in Chinese)
[23] SUN S,XU X,LIANG L,et al.Lactic acid-producing probiotic saccharomyces cerevisiae attenuates ulcerative colitis via suppressing macrophage pyroptosis and modulating gut microbiota[J]. Frontiers in Immunology,2021,12:777665.
[24] BAI Y,LIAO Y,SONG Y,et al.Dietary yeast culture alleviates intestinal-hepatic damage related to TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway and antioxidant capability in Pseudobagrus ussuriensis[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2022,130:428-435.
[25] TORRECILLAS S,MONTERO D,IZQUIERDO M.Improved health and growth of fish fed mannan oligosaccharides:Potential mode of action[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2014,36(2):525-544.
[26] KYOUNG H,KIM E,CHO J H,et al.Dietary yeast cell wall enhanced intestinal health of broiler chickens by modulating intestinal integrity,immune responses,and microbiota[J].Poultry Science,2023,102(6):102660.
[27] ALAGBE E O,SCHULZE H,ADEOLA O.Growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,cecal mucosal cytokines and serum antioxidant responses of broiler chickens to dietary enzymatically treated yeast and coccidia challenge[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2023,14(1):57.
[28] ZHANG Z,WU X,CAO L,et al.Generation of glucagon-like peptide-2-expressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its improvement of the intestinal health of weaned rats[J]. Microbial Biotechnology,2016,9(6):846-857.
[29] GRESSE R,CHAUCHEYRAS-DURAND F,FLEURY M A,et al.Gut microbiota dysbiosis in postweaning piglets:Understanding the keys to health[J].Trends in Microbiology,2017,25(10):851-873.
[30] ZHOU J,FU Y,QI G,et al.Yeast cell-wall polysaccharides improve immunity and attenuate inflammatory response via modulating gut microbiota in LPS-challenged laying hens[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2023,224:407-421.
[31] JU T,KONG J Y,STOTHARD P,et al.Defining the role of Parasutterella,a previously uncharacterized member of the core gut microbiota[J].The ISME Journal,2019,13(6):1520-1534.
[32] XUE L,ZHAO Y,WANG H,et al.The effects of live and pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis,gut microbiota,and metabolomics in mice[J].Food & Function,2023,14(10):4632-4646.
[33] DING Y,YAN Y,PENG Y,et al.In vitro digestion under simulated saliva,gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation by human gut microbiota of polysaccharides from the fruits of Lycium barbarum[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2019,125:751-760.
[34] LI T,LONG M,GATESOUPE F J,et al.Comparative analysis of the intestinal bacterial communities in different species of carp by pyrosequencing[J].Microbial Ecology,2015,69(1):25-36.
[35] BIASATO I,FERROCINO I,GREGO E,et al.Gut microbiota and mucin composition in female broiler chickens fed diets including yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor,L.)[J].Animals (Basel)，2019，9(5):213.
[36] XU W,YU P,SHAO S,et al.Oligosaccharides from black ginseng innovatively prepared by low-temperature steam-heating process ameliorate cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease mice via the Keap-1/Nrf2 pathway[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2024,104(9):5625-5638.
[37] NIE K,MA K,LUO W,et al.Roseburia intestinalis:A beneficial gut organism from the discoveries in genus and species[J]. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,2021,11:757718.
[38] KONG L,WANG Z,XIAO C,et al.Glycerol monolaurate attenuated immunological stress and intestinal mucosal injury by regulating the gut microbiota and activating AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-challenged broilers[J].Animal Nutrition,2022,10:347-359.
[39] TAMANAI-SHACOORI Z,SMIDA I,BOUSARGHIN L,et al.Roseburia spp.:A marker of health?[J].Future Microbiology,2017,12:157-170.
[40] SUN H,SU X,LIU Y,et al.Roseburia intestinalis relieves intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy through bile acid/FXR-FGF15 in rats[J].iScience,2023,26(12):108392.