枯草芽孢杆菌调控蛋鸡肠道健康的作用机制及应用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.08.045

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在现代养殖业快速发展的背景下，蛋鸡养殖业仍面临诸多挑战，其中肠道疾病尤为突出。传统抗生素治疗虽能在一定程度上控制疾病，但随之而来的细菌耐药性、肠道菌群失衡以及治疗成本增加等问题不容忽视。因此，探索安全有效、可替代抗生素的新型产品对于蛋鸡养殖业的可持续发展显得尤为关键。枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis,B.subtilis)属于革兰阳性非致病性芽孢杆菌，具有强大抗逆性，可作为绿色、无残留的添加剂应用于蛋鸡养殖业。该菌能有效定殖于蛋鸡肠道中，通过抑制蛋鸡肠道致病菌生长和促进有益菌群生长，维持蛋鸡肠道菌群平衡。同时，其可通过提高蛋鸡体内抗体水平，增强蛋鸡免疫力，维持蛋鸡肠道健康。此外，枯草芽孢杆菌可通过提高蛋鸡肠道绒毛高度、降低隐窝深度等，维持蛋鸡肠道形态结构。在蛋鸡养殖实践中，枯草芽孢杆菌的应用可显著提升蛋鸡生产性能，包括改善蛋品质、提高产蛋量和降低料蛋比等。笔者综述了枯草芽孢杆菌的生物学特征、在蛋鸡肠道中的作用及不同菌种枯草芽孢杆菌在蛋鸡中的应用效果，旨在为饲用枯草芽孢杆菌的后续开发及利用提供参考。

关键词: 枯草芽孢杆菌; 蛋鸡; 肠道健康

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the rapid development of modern animal husbandry,the breeding industry of laying hens still faces many challenges,among which intestinal diseases are particularly prominent.Although traditional antibiotic treatment can control the disease to a certain extent,the ensuing problems of increased bacterial resistance,imbalance of intestinal flora,and increased treatment costs should not be ignored.Therefore,it is crucial to explore new products that are safe and effective and can replace antibiotics for the sustainable development of the breeding industry of laying hens.Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive non-pathogenic Bacillus with strong resistance.It can be used as a green and residue-free probiotic additive in the breeding industry of laying hens.The bacteria can effectively colonise the intestinal tract of laying hens,inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria.It can maintain the balance of intestinal flora in laying hens.At the same time,it can enhance the immunity of laying hens by increasing the level of antibody and maintain the intestinal health.In addition,Bacillus subtilis can maintain the intestinal morphology and structure of laying hens by increasing the villi height and decreasing the crypts depth.In the practice of laying hens,the application of Bacillus subtilis can significantly enhance the performance,including the improvement of egg quality,the increase of egg production,and the reduction of the feed-to-egg ratio.The author reviewed the biological characteristics of Bacillus subtilis,its mechanism of action in the intestinal tract and the application effects of different strains of Bacillus subtilis in laying hens，to provide a reference basis for the subsequent development and utilisation of Bacillus subtilis for feeding.

Key words: Bacillus subtilis; laying hens; intestinal health

中图分类号:

S831.5

巴弘历, 马宁. 枯草芽孢杆菌调控蛋鸡肠道健康的作用机制及应用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(8): 3976-3986.

BA Hongli, MA Ning. Research Progress on the Mechanism and Application of Bacillus subtilis in Regulating Intestinal Health of Laying Hens[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(8): 3976-3986.

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