中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 256-265.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.023

• 营养与饲料 • 上一篇    下一篇

降解玉米赤霉烯酮芽孢杆菌的筛选及其安全性评价

张婷(), 袁伟涛, 张铁涛()   

  1. 中国农业科学院特产研究所,长春 130112
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-31 出版日期:2026-01-05 发布日期:2025-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 张铁涛 E-mail:zhangting542118@163.com;zhangtietao@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:张婷,E-mail: zhangting542118@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省自然科学基金(YDZJ202301ZYTS368)

Screening of a Zearalenone-degrading Bacillus Strainand Its Safety Evaluation

ZHANG Ting(), YUAN Weitao, ZHANG Tietao()   

  1. Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of CAAS,Changchun 130112,China
  • Received:2025-03-31 Online:2026-01-05 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: ZHANG Tietao E-mail:zhangting542118@163.com;zhangtietao@caas.cn

摘要:

目的 本研究旨在筛选出能高效降解玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)的梅花鹿源芽孢杆菌,为鹿科动物饲料中ZEN脱毒提供菌种资源。 方法 采用富集培养、划线分离技术从梅花鹿粪便中分离芽孢杆菌并与ZEN共培养,通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测不同菌株对ZEN的降解率。采用形态学、生理生化和分子生物学方法对菌株进行鉴定。探究时间、温度、培养基初始pH及毒素浓度对菌株降解ZEN效率的影响。通过小鼠灌胃试验评价菌株的安全性。 结果 从梅花鹿粪便中分离出1株ZEN高效降解菌RDY21,该菌在培养72 h时可降解93.83%的ZEN(10 μg/mL)。菌株RDY21可在8%的氯化钠环境中生长,能利用多种糖,淀粉水解试验、柠檬酸利用试验、丙酸盐利用试验和V-P试验均为阳性。全基因组测序分析发现,菌株RDY21与地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)ATCC 14580模式菌株之间平均核苷酸相似性(average nucleotide identity, ANI)为99.02%,鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌。菌株RDY21降解ZEN的最适温度、时间和培养基初始pH分别为37 ℃、72 h和7.0,在ZEN浓度为1~40 μg/mL环境下均具有一定毒素耐受性。与对照组相比,灌胃28 d 菌株RDY21对小鼠平均日增重、平均日采食量、脏器系数和血液生理、生化指标均无显著性影响(P>0.05)。 结论 本研究分离出1株具有高效降解ZEN能力的地衣芽孢杆菌RDY21,对小鼠无毒副作用,可作为微生物降解ZEN的候选菌株。

关键词: 玉米赤霉烯酮; 地衣芽孢杆菌; 微生物降解; 降解特性

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to screen out Bacillus from sika deer that could efficiently degrade ZEN, and to provide a strain resource for ZEN detoxification in deer feed. Method Bacillus strains were isolated from faeces of sika deer by enrichment culture and streak plate separation techniques. The above strains were co-cultured with ZEN, and the degradation rate of ZEN was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The strains were identified by morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular biological methods. The effects of time, temperature, initial pH of medium and toxin concentration on the degradation efficiency of ZEN were investigated. The safety of the strain was evaluated by intragastric test in mice. Result One ZEN highly efficient degrading bacterium RDY21 was isolated from the feces of sika deer. This bacterium could degrade 93.83% of ZEN (10 μg/mL) after 72 hours of incubation. Strain RDY21 could grow in an 8% sodium chloride environment and could utilize various sugars. The starch hydrolysis test, citric acid utilization test, propionate utilization test and V-P test were all positive. Whole genome sequencing analysis revealed that the average nucleotide identity between strain RDY21 and the type strain Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580 was 99.02%, and it was identified as Bacillus licheniformis. The optimal degradation temperature, time and initial pH of the culture medium for strain RDY21 to degrade ZEN were 37 ℃, 72 h and 7.0, respectively. It had a certain toxin tolerance under the environment of ZEN concentration ranging from 1 to 40 μg/mL.Compared with control group, there were no significant effects of Bacillus licheniformis RDY21 on average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, organ coefficients, blood physiological and biochemical indices of mice after 28 days of administration (P>0.05). Conclusion The Bacillus licheniformis RDY21 isolated in this study had the ability to degrade ZEN efficiently. It had no toxic side effects on mice and could be used as a candidate strain for microbial degradation of ZEN.

Key words: zearalenone; Bacillus licheniformis; microbial degradation; degradation characteristics

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