全小麦型饲粮对黄羽肉鸡生长性能和肉品质的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.09.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本试验旨在研究小麦完全替代玉米饲粮在黄羽肉鸡生产中的应用效果。【方法】选取健康的1日龄快速型黄羽肉鸡公鸡1 260只，按体重一致原则随机分成7个处理组，每组6个重复，每个重复30只鸡；7个组分别为：玉米(C)组、小麦(W)组、小麦低能(WL)组、木聚糖酶(WL＋X)组、植酸酶(W＋P)组、木聚糖酶＋植酸酶(WL＋X＋P)组和4倍木聚糖酶和植酸酶(WL＋4X＋4P)组。试验期为63 d。57日龄时，从每重复中随机挑选2只体重接近平均体重的肉鸡，放入代谢笼里开展代谢试验，测定能量利用率。63日龄时，以重复为单位对肉鸡空腹称重，测定平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)、料重比；从每重复挑选2只接近平均体重的肉鸡采血、屠宰，测定血浆生化指标、屠宰性能、胸肌肉质性状指标，并分离胫骨，测定胫骨矿物质含量与骨密度。【结果】 1～21日龄，W组肉鸡ADFI显著高于C组(P＜0.05)；WL组肉鸡ADFI显著高于WL＋X组(P＜0.05)。1～42日龄，C组肉鸡料重比显著低于W组(P＜0.05)；W组肉鸡料重比显著低于WL组(P＜0.05)；WL＋X组肉鸡料重比显著低于WL组(P＜0.05)。1～63日龄，W组肉鸡ADFI和料重比均显著高于C组(P＜0.05)，料重比显著低于WL组(P＜0.05)；WL＋X组肉鸡料重比显著低于WL组(P＜0.05)，胸肌率显著高于W组(P＜0.05)；WL＋4X＋4P组肉鸡胸肌率显著高于C组，能量利用率显著高于除C和WL＋X＋P组外的其他4组(P＜0.05)；C组的能量利用率显著高于W和W＋P组(P＜0.05)；W组肉鸡胸肌滴水损失显著低于WL＋X和WL＋4X＋4P组(P＜0.05)。【结论】在黄羽肉鸡小麦型饲粮中添加木聚糖复合酶有利于提高饲料利用率、节约饲粮能量、降低肉鸡死亡率；添加植酸酶可节省无机磷的使用和提高肉鸡胴体品质。

关键词: 小麦; 木聚糖复合酶; 植酸酶; 黄羽肉鸡; 生长性能; 肉品质

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the application effects of replacing corn completely with wheat in diet on the production of Yellow-feathered chickens. 【Method】 A total of 1 260 healthy 1-day-old rapidly-growing Yellow-feathered male chickens were selected and randomly divided into 7 treatment groups with consistent body weight，with 6 replicates per group and 30 chickens per replicate.The 7 groups were as follows：corn-soybean meal diet (C) group，wheat completely replacing corn (W) group，wheat low-energy (WL) group，xylanase (WL＋X) group，phytase (W＋P) group，xylanase＋phytase (WL＋X＋P) group，and 4-fold xylanase and phytase (WL＋4X＋4P) group.The experimental period was 63 days.At 57 days of age，2 birds with body weights (BW) close to the average were randomly selected from each replicate and placed into metabolic cages for a metabolic trial to determine energy utilization efficiency.At 63 days of age，broilers were weighed after fasting on a replicate basis，and average feed intake (ADFI),average daily gain (ADG) and ratio of feed to gain (F/G) were determined.Two birds with body weight close to the average were selected from each replicate for blood sampling and slaughtering to measure plasma biochemical indicators,slaughter performance,and meat quality of the breast muscle.And the tibia was separated for measurement of tibial mineral content and bone density. 【Result】 At 1-21 days of age, the ADFI of chickens in group W was significantly greater than that in group C (P＜0.05),and the ADFI of chickens in group WL was significantly greater than that in group WL＋X (P＜0.05).At 1-42 days of age,the F/G of chickens in group C was significantly less than that in group W (P＜0.05),the F/G of chickens in group W was significantly less than that in group WL (P＜0.05),and the F/G of chickens in group WL＋X was significantly less than that in group WL (P＜0.05).At 1-63 days of age,both the ADFI and F/G of chickens in group W were significantly greater than those in group C (P＜0.05),and the latter was significantly less than that in group WL (P＜0.05)；the F/G of chickens in group WL＋X was significantly less than that in group WL (P＜0.05).The breast muscle rate of chickens in group WL＋X was significantly greater than that in group W (P＜0.05),the breast muscle rate of chickens in group WL＋4X＋4P was significantly greater than that in group C (P＜0.05).The energy utilization rate of chickens in group WL＋4X＋4P was significantly greater than that in the other four groups except groups C and WL＋X＋P (P＜0.05),the energy utilization rate of chickens in group C was significantly greater than that in group W and group W＋P (P＜0.05).The drip loss of breast muscle of chickens in group W was significantly less than that in groups WL＋X and WL＋4X＋4P (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 The addition of xylanase complex to wheat-based diets of Yellow-feathered chickens was conducive to improving feed utilization rate，saving dietary energy，reducing broiler mortality,while supplementing phytase could save the use of inorganic phosphorus and improve carcass quality.

Key words: wheat; xylanase complex enzyme; phytase; Yellow-feathered chicken; growth performance; meat quality

中图分类号:

S816.4

崔燕, 蒋守群, 范秋丽, 林厦菁, 丁发源, 高开国, 苟钟勇. 全小麦型饲粮对黄羽肉鸡生长性能和肉品质的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(9): 4136-4145.

CUI Yan, JIANG Shouqun, FAN Qiuli, LIN Xiajing, DING Fayuan, GAO Kaiguo, GOU Zhongyong. Effects of Whole Wheat-based Diet on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Yellow-feathered Chickens[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(9): 4136-4145.

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