山香圆叶提取物对脂多糖刺激肉鸡生长性能、免疫、抗氧化功能和肠道健康的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.09.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本研究旨在探讨山香圆叶提取物(Turpiniae Folium extract，TFE)对脂多糖(LPS)刺激肉鸡生长性能、免疫、抗氧化功能及肠道健康的影响。【方法】试验选择360只1日龄雌性白羽肉鸡，随机分为3组，分别为对照组、LPS组及TFE+LPS组，每组6个重复，每个重复20羽，试验期为26 d。对照组和LPS组饲喂基础饲粮，TFE+LPS组饲喂添加500 mg/kg TFE的基础饲粮。LPS和TFE+LPS组肉鸡分别于21、23和25日龄时腹腔注射1 mg/kg BW LPS溶液，对照组肉鸡注射等量生理盐水。于试验第26天，测定肉鸡生长性能，每重复选择2只体重接近平均值的肉鸡，采血后屠宰，采集肝脏、空肠等组织和盲肠内容物，检测血清和肝脏的免疫和抗氧化指标、空肠组织形态指标以及盲肠微生物区系组成。【结果】与对照组相比，LPS组肉鸡终末体重、平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)显著降低(P＜0.05)。TFE+LPS组肉鸡终末体重、ADG和ADFI显著高于LPS组(P＜0.05)，且与对照组无显著差异(P＞0.05)。与对照组相比，LPS刺激显著提高了肉鸡血清可溶性CD8配体(sCD8)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和丙二醛(MDA)含量(P＜0.05)，同时显著提高了肝脏白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)含量(P＜0.05)；与对照组相比，LPS刺激显著降低了血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力(P＜0.05)。TFE+LPS组肉鸡血清IL-6、TNF-α、MDA和肝脏IL-1β含量显著低于LPS组(P＜0.05)，且与对照组无显著差异(P＞0.05)。与对照组相比，LPS和TFE+LPS组肉鸡脾脏指数均显著提高(P＜0.05)；LPS刺激显著提高了肉鸡空肠隐窝深度(CD)、绒隐比(VH/CD)、拟杆菌门和脱硫菌门相对丰度(P＜0.05)。TFE+LPS组的空肠CD显著高于对照组，但显著低于LPS组(P＜0.05)。TFE+LPS组肉鸡盲肠Chao1指数、观察物种数和脱硫菌门相对丰度显著高于LPS组(P＜0.05)，副拟杆菌属相对丰度显著低于LPS组(P＜0.05)，且均与对照组无显著差异(P＞0.05)。【结论】 TFE显著缓解了LPS刺激引起的肉鸡免疫功能和抗氧化能力的下降、肠道组织形态损伤及盲肠微生物区系紊乱，从而有效减轻了LPS对肉鸡生长性能的抑制作用。

关键词: 山香圆叶提取物; 肉鸡; 脂多糖; 免疫和抗氧化功能; 肠道健康

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the effects of Turpiniae folium extract (TFE) on growth performance,immune function,antioxidant capacity,and intestinal health in broilers stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 【Method】 A total of 360 one-day-old female broiler chickens were randomly divided into three groups:Control,LPS,and TFE+LPS groups,with 6 replicates of 20 birds each.The trial lasted for 26 days.The chickens in control and LPS groups were fed a basal diet,while in TFE+LPS group were received the same basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg TFE.The broilers in LPS and TFE+LPS groups were intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/kg BW LPS solution at 21,23,and 25 days of age,while the broilers in control group were received an equivalent volume of saline.On day 26 of the trial,growth performance was measured,and two broilers per replicate with body weights closest to the replicate average were selected for blood sampling and slaughter to collect organ tissues and cecal contents.Immune and antioxidant parameters in the serum and liver,jejunum tissue morphology,and cecal microbiota composition were analyzed. 【Result】 Compared to control group,the final body weight,average daily gain (ADG),and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers in LPS group were significantly reduced (P＜0.05).The final body weight,ADG,and ADFI of broilers in TFE+LPS group were significantly higher than those in LPS group (P＜0.05),and they had no significant difference compared with control group (P＞0.05).Compared with control group,LPS stimulation significantly increased the levels of serum soluble CD8 ligand (sCD8),interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),and malondialdehyde (MDA) in broilers (P＜0.05),while also significantly elevating the hepatic interleukin-1β (IL-1β) content (P＜0.05).Additionally,LPS stimulation significantly reduced serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity compared to control group (P＜0.05).The broilers in TFE+LPS group had significantly lower serum IL-6,TNF-α,MDA,and hepatic IL-1β levels than LPS group (P＜0.05),with no significant difference compared to control group (P＞0.05).LPS stimulation significantly increased the jejunal crypt depth (CD),villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (VH/CD),and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Desulfobacterota in broilers (P＜0.05).The jejunal CD of broilers in TFE+LPS group was significantly higher than that in control group，but significantly lower than that in LPS group (P＜0.05).The Chao1 index,observed species,and relative abundance of Desulfobacterota in the cecum of broilers in TFE+LPS group were significantly higher than those in LPS group (P＜0.05),while the relative abundance of Parabacteroides was significantly lower than that in LPS group (P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference compared to control group (P＞0.05). 【Conclusion】 TFE significantly alleviated LPS-induced declines in immune function and antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphological damage and cecal microbiota disruption in broilers,thereby effectively attenuating the negative effects of LPS on broiler growth performance.

Key words: Turpiniae folium extract; broiler; lipopolysaccharides; immune and antioxidant function; intestinal health

中图分类号:

S831.5

宋文静, 陈将, 熊平文, 宋琼莉, 艾高祥, 韦启鹏, 邹志恒, 陈小连. 山香圆叶提取物对脂多糖刺激肉鸡生长性能、免疫、抗氧化功能和肠道健康的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(9): 4123-4135.

SONG Wenjing, CHEN Jiang, XIONG Pingwen, SONG Qiongli, AI Gaoxiang, WEI Qipeng, ZOU Zhiheng, CHEN Xiaolian. Effects of Turpiniae folium Extract on Growth Performance,Immunity,Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Health in Broilers Stimulated by Lipopolysaccharide[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(9): 4123-4135.

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