植物精油在鸡生产中的应用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.02.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 植物精油(PEO)是天然植物提取物的主要种类之一，具有较好的抗菌、抗氧化、抗炎和加强机体免疫能力等作用。PEO本身降解速度快、半衰期短并且不会在机体内蓄积，因此被公认为是一种无毒性、纯天然的绿色新型植物添加剂。PEO通过使菌体的细胞膜发生超极化，破坏细胞稳态，从而发挥抗菌作用；通过清除机体的自由基、抑制细胞膜脂质过氧化、增强抗氧化物酶活性提高机体抗氧化能力；还通过抑制促炎细胞因子的表达、减少机体NO、前列腺素E₂含量以及活性氧的合成降低机体患炎症的风险，缓解机体炎症。在鸡生产性能方面，PEO可以提高鸡的采食量、体增重、饲料利用率，降低料重比。在鸡蛋品质方面，PEO可以提高蛋壳厚度和强度、蛋重和蛋质量、蛋黄颜色评分以及哈氏单位。在鸡肉品质方面，PEO可以降低鸡血清和大腿肌肉总饱和脂肪酸含量，增加血清和大腿肌肉总多不饱和脂肪酸，以及降低鸡肉的滴水损失。在鸡肠道菌群和肠道形态结构方面，PEO可以增加鸡肠道益生菌的数量，减少致病菌的数量，并且提高鸡十二指肠、回肠、盲肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度以及绒隐比。在鸡血清生化和免疫性能方面，PEO可以改善机体代谢水平，增加机体细胞免疫反应和体液免疫反应。作者综述了PEO的生物学功能及其作用机理，阐述了其在鸡生产中的应用及其作用机制，以期为PEO在鸡生产中的实际应用提供更多的理论参考。

关键词: 植物精油; 生物活性; 鸡; 抗氧化; 免疫

Abstract: Plant essential oil (PEO) is one of the main types of natural plant extracts,which has good antibacterial,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,immune-enhancing and other functions.PEO is recognized as a non-toxic,pure natural green new plant additive because of its fast degradation,short half-life and no accumulation in the body.PEO plays an antibacterial role by hyperpolarizing the cell membrane and destroying the cell homeostasis.It can improve the body’s antioxidant capacity by scavenging free radicals,inhibiting cell membrane lipid peroxidation,and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity.It can also reduce the risk of inflammation and alleviates inflammation by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines,reducing the content of NO,prostaglandin E₂ and reactive oxygen species synthesis.In terms of chicken production performance,PEO can increase feed intake,body weight gain,feed utilization rate,and reduce feed to gain ratio.In terms of egg quality,PEO can increase the thickness and strength of egg shell,egg weight and egg mass,egg yolk color score and Haugh unit.In terms of chicken quality,PEO can significantly reduce the content of saturated fatty acid in serum and thigh,significantly increase the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid in serum and thigh,and significantly reduce the drip loss of chicken.In terms of intestinal flora and intestinal morphology of chickens,PEO can significantly increase the number of probiotics in the intestinal tract of chickens,significantly reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria,and significantly increase the villus height,crypt depth and villus/crypt ratio of duodenum,ileum and cecum of chickens.In terms of chicken serum biochemical and immune performance,PEO can improve the body’s metabolic level,increase the body’s cellular immune response and humoral immune response.In this paper,the biological function and mechanism of PEO were firstly reviewed,then the application and mechanism of PEO in chicken production were expounded,in order to provide more theoretical reference for the practical application of PEO in chicken production.

Key words: plant essential oil; biological activity; chickens; antioxidant; immune

中图分类号:

S816.7

单晶, 杜含香, 曲湘勇, 郭松长, 李梅春, 贺长青. 植物精油在鸡生产中的应用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(2): 668-677.

SHAN Jing, DU Hanxiang, QU Xiangyong, GUO Songchang, LI Meichun, HE Changqing. Research Progress on the Application of Plant Essential Oil in Chicken Production[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(2): 668-677.

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