中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 573-586.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.02.006

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

中药活性成分缓解血管内皮细胞热应激损伤的研究进展

孔令娇1(), 万宝云2, 赵珊珊1, 顾招兵1()   

  1. 1.云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,昆明 650201
    2.云南省易门县农业农村局,玉溪 651100
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-19 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-01-28
  • 通讯作者: 顾招兵 E-mail:kolingjiao0317@icloud.com;zhaobinggu@163.com
  • 作者简介:孔令娇,E-mail: kolingjiao0317@icloud.com
  • 基金资助:
    云南省农业联合重点项目(202301BD070001-023);云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(202205AC160078)

Research Progress of Active Ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Alleviating Vascular Endothelial Cells Injury Induced by Heat Stress

KONG Lingjiao1(), WAN Baoyun2, ZHAO Shanshan1, GU Zhaobing1()   

  1. 1.Faculty of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China
    2.Yimen County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Yunnan Province,Yuxi 651100,China
  • Received:2025-05-19 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-01-28
  • Contact: GU Zhaobing E-mail:kolingjiao0317@icloud.com;zhaobinggu@163.com

摘要:

热应激(heat stress,HS)能诱发动物机体发生复杂的病理反应,严重威胁动物健康,甚至导致死亡,造成重大经济损失。血管内皮细胞(vascular endothelial cells,VECs)作为热应激过程中的关键靶点,其损伤机制可分为直接损伤与间接损伤。直接损伤主要包括破坏细胞膜与细胞骨架结构、损伤DNA及诱导凋亡相关基因表达,从而导致VECs结构与功能异常并引发过度凋亡。间接损伤则通过诱发全身性炎症反应、氧化应激及血管张力失调等病理过程介导细胞损伤。而受损的VECs还可释放多种细胞因子,进一步加剧热应激对机体造成的负面影响。中药(traditional Chinese medicine,TCM)凭借来源丰富、成分多样、功能靶向性强和应用安全等多种优势,已成为抗热应激兽药的研究热点。中药活性成分萜类(如芍药苷、人参皂苷Rg1等)、酚类(如阿魏酸、白藜芦醇等)、黄酮类(如槲皮素、葛根素等)等单体成分,以及参附注射液、银杏叶提取物等复方提取物,可通过多通路协同发挥作用。其机制包括激活Kelch样ECH关联蛋白1/核因子E2相关因子2/血红素加氧酶-1(kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/heme oxygenase-1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1)通路,上调抗氧化酶活性,从而减轻氧化应激;抑制磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B,PI3K/Akt)、Toll样受体2/核因子-κB(Toll-like receptor 2/nuclear factor kappa-B, TLR2/NF-κB)、TLR4/NF-κB等通路,减少炎症因子与黏附因子的释放;调节B细胞淋巴瘤-2/Bcl-2关联X蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2/Bcl-2-associated X protein,Bcl-2/Bax)比值、抑制半胱氨酸天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶(Caspase)家族活化及保护线粒体功能以抑制凋亡;并通过促进热休克蛋白(heat shock proteins,HSPs)的表达,增强细胞耐热性,从而缓解热损伤。笔者对热应激导致VECs损伤的几种主要机制进行综述,系统总结了中药单体成分及中药提取物抗VECs热应激损伤研究现状,以期为未来中药活性成分抗VECs热应激损伤的深入研究及其在畜禽养殖中的应用提供理论参考。

关键词: 中药单体; 中药提取物; 血管内皮细胞; 热应激

Abstract:

Heat stress (HS) triggers complex pathological responses in animals, posing a serious threat to health and even leading to death, thereby causing substantial economic losses. As a key target during HS, vascular endothelial cells (VECs) sustain injury through both direct and indirect injuries. Direct injury includes disruption of cell membranes and cytoskeletal structures, DNA damage, and induction of apoptosis-related gene expression, resulting in structural and functional abnormalities of VECs and excessive apoptosis. Indirect injury is mediated by systemic inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and dysregulation of vascular tone. Damaged VECs also release multiple cytokines, further exacerbating the adverse effects of HS on the organism.Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), by virtue of its abundant sources, diverse constituents, target specificity, and favorable safety profile, has become a research hotspot for anti-HS veterinary therapeutics. Active ingredients of TCM, such as terpenoids (paeoniflorin, ginsenoside Rg1, etc.), phenolics (ferulic acid, resveratrol, etc.), and flavonoids (quercetin, puerarin, etc.), as well as compound preparations and extracts (Shenfu injection, Ginkgo biloba extract, etc.) exhibit notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities and enhance cellular thermotolerance, primarily through coordinated actions on multiple signaling pathways. For antioxidation, these agents activate the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to upregulate antioxidant enzymes and thereby alleviate oxidative stress. For anti-inflammatory effects, they inhibit the PI3K/Akt, TLR2/NF-κB and TLR4/NF-κB pathways, reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules. With respect to anti-apoptosis, they increase the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, suppress activation of the caspase family, and protect mitochondrial function. To improve thermotolerance, they promote the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), thereby mitigating heat-induced damage.In this review, the authors summarize the major mechanisms by which HS induces VEC injury and systematically collate current research on TCM monomers and extracts that protect VECs against HS-induced damage, with the aim of providing a theoretical reference for further investigation of active ingredients of TCM and their application in livestock and poultry production.

Key words: traditional Chinese medicine monomer components; traditional Chinese medicine extracts; vascular endothelial cells; heat stress

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