发酵杂粕对中速型黄羽肉鸡生长性能、血浆生化指标及肉品质的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.09.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本试验通过研究不同水平发酵棉粕、发酵菜籽粕和发酵棕榈粕混合添加对1～84日龄中速型黄羽肉鸡生长发育及肉质性状的影响，旨在为发酵杂粕在肉鸡上的应用提供参考。【方法】将480只1日龄麻黄肉母雏按照体重一致原则随机分为4个组：对照组(无发酵饲料添加，CON)及添加低(F1)、中(F2)、高(F3)水平混合发酵杂粕组，每组6个重复，每个重复20只鸡。试验分1～30、31～59和60～84日龄3个阶段饲养，试验期84 d。于各阶段期末统计生长性能；每重复选取接近平均体重的2只鸡，采集全血、分离血浆测定生化指标；剖取免疫器官称重，计算免疫器官指数；分割胴体，测定胴体性状，剖取胸肌，测定肉质性状。【结果】与CON组相比，①F3组肉鸡1～30和60～84日龄料重比均显著升高(P＜0.05)，同时，F3组肉鸡1～30日龄欧洲效益指数、59和84日龄体重、31～59日龄平均日采食量、60～84日龄平均日增重和欧洲效益指数以及1～84日龄平均日增重和平均日采食量均显著降低(P＜0.05)。F2和F3组肉鸡31～59日龄平均日增重和欧洲效益指数以及1～84日龄欧洲效益指数显著降低、31～59日龄和1～84日龄料重比显著升高(P＜0.05)。②F3组肉鸡30日龄血浆免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量显著降低(P＜0.05)，同时，F1、F2和F3组肉鸡59日龄血浆甘油三酯(TG)含量显著降低(P＜0.05)。③F2组肉鸡30日龄胸腺指数显著升高(P＜0.05)。F3组肉鸡59日龄胴体腹部和84日龄胴体肩部亮度值(L^*)均显著升高(P＜0.05)。F2和F3组肉鸡59日龄胸肌率以及84日龄全净膛率和胸肌率均显著降低、84日龄腹脂率显著升高(P＜0.05)。F2和F3组胸肌屠宰后24 h红度(a^*_{24 h})显著降低(P＜0.05)，F3组胸肌屠宰后24 h黄度(b^*_{24 h})显著降低(P＜0.05)。【结论】 1～84日龄中速型黄羽肉鸡饲粮中混合添加低水平的发酵棉粕、发酵菜粕和发酵棕榈粕可在不影响生长性能、胴体性状和肉质性状的基础上替代豆粕；推荐3个阶段发酵杂粕总添加水平分别不超过6%、8%和10%。

关键词: 发酵棉粕; 发酵菜粕; 发酵棕榈粕; 黄羽肉鸡; 生长性能; 胴体性状; 肉质性状

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of mixed addition of different levels of fermented cottonseed meal,fermented rapeseed meal and fermented palm kernel meal on growing development and meat quality traits of medium-growing Yellow-feathered chickens aged 1 to 84 days, and to provide reference for the application of mixed fermentation meal in chickens. 【Method】 A total of 480 1-day-old female ephedra chickens were randomly divided into four treatment groups according to the principle of consistent body weight,the control group (without the addition of fermented feed,CON) and the groups with low (F1),medium (F2),and high (F3) levels of fermented feed.There were 6 replicates in each group and 20 chickens in each replicate.The experiment was divided into three stages,1 to 30 days of age,31 to 59 days of age and 60 to 84 days of age.The experiment period was 84 days.The growth performance was calculated at the end of each stage.Two chickens in each replicate were selected with body weight closest to the average,then whole blood was collected and plasma was separated for biochmical indices analysis.The immune organs were dissected and weighed to calculat immune organ indexes.Carcasses were segmented to measure carcass traits,and breast muscles were dissected to evaluate meat quality traits. 【Result】 Compared with CON group,①The feed to gain ratio of chickens at 1 to 30 days and 60 to 84 days of age in F3 group were significantly increased (P＜0.05),meanwhile,European efficiency index at 1 to 30 days of age,body weight at 59 and 84 days of age,average daily feed intake at 31 to 59 days of age,average daily gain and European efficiency index at 60 to 84 days of age,and average daily gain and average daily feed intake at 1 to 84 days of age in F3 group were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Average daily gain and European efficiency index at 31 to 59 days of age and European efficiency index at 1 to 84 days of age in F2 and F3 groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05),feed to gain ratio of chickens at 31 to 59 days of age and 1 to 84 days of age in F2 and F3 groups were significantly increased (P＜0.05).② The plasma immunoglobulin A (IgA) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) contents of chickens at 30 days of age in F3 group were significantly decreased (P＜0.05),meanwhile,the plasma triglyceride (TG) content of chickens in F1,F2 and F3 groups at 59 days of age was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).③ The thymus index of chickens at 30 days of age in F2 group was significantly increased (P＜0.05).The carcasses brightness values of abdominal at 59 days of age and shoulder at 84 days of age in F3 group were significantly increased (P＜0.05).The breast muscle rate at 59 days of age,the evisceration rate and breast muscle rate,and abdominal fat rate at 84 days of age in F2 and F3 groups were significantly increased (P＜0.05).The a^*_{24 h} of breast muscle in F2 and F3 groups was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and the b^*_{24 h} of breast muscle in F3 group was significantly decreased (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Supplementation of low levels of fermented cottonseed meal,fermented rapeseed meal and fermented palm kernel meal at the same time in the diet of medium-growing Yellow-feathered chickens aged 1 to 84 days could replace the soybean meal without affecting growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality traits.The recommended addition levels of total fermented mixed meal in the three stages were not more than 6%,8% and 10%, respectively.

Key words: fermented cottonseed meal; fermented rapeseed meal; fermented palm kernel meal; Yellow-feathered chickens; growth performance; carcass quality; meat quality

中图分类号:

S816.6

范秋丽, 苟钟勇, 王怡彤, 崔燕, 罗琦丽, 叶金玲, 林厦菁, 王一冰, 蒋守群. 发酵杂粕对中速型黄羽肉鸡生长性能、血浆生化指标及肉品质的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(9): 4069-4081.

FAN Qiuli, GOU Zhongyong, WANG Yitong, CUI Yan, LUO Qili, YE Jinling, LIN Xiajing, WANG Yibing, JIANG Shouqun. Effects of Fermented Mixed Meal on Growth Performance,Plasma Biochemical Indices and Meat Quality of Medium-growing Yellow-feathered Chickens[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(9): 4069-4081.

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