雪山鸡种母鸡饲喂不同能量和蛋白质水平饲粮对其子代生长性能的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.09.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本试验旨在研究饲喂雪山鸡种母鸡不同能量和蛋白质水平饲粮对其子代平均日增重(ADG)、料重比(F/G)和体尺性状的影响。【方法】雪山鸡种母鸡按3×3双因素试验设计随机分为9组，设置3个能量水平(11.09、11.51、11.92 MJ/kg)和3个蛋白质水平(14.50%、15.50%、16.50%)，35周龄时收集种蛋并孵化。选用孵化后的2 700只1日龄雏鸡，其分组与种母鸡相对应，公母各1 350只，分开饲养，试验期91 d。试验期间统计子代ADG、日耗料量，试验结束时测定体尺性状。【结果】 ①饲粮能量水平对子代公鸡50～70日龄ADG和F/G有显著影响(P＜0.05)，随能量水平的升高，ADG下降，而F/G上升；蛋白质水平对子代公鸡1～14日龄 ADG有显著影响(P＜0.05)，其在高蛋白质组显著高于中蛋白质组；种母鸡饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对子代公鸡初生重有极显著交互作用(P＜0.01)，对50～70日龄ADG有显著交互作用(P＜0.05)。②饲粮能量水平对子代母鸡71～91日龄F/G有显著影响(P＜0.05)，高能量组的显著高于中能量组；蛋白质水平对子代母鸡71～91日龄F/G和1～91日龄 ADG以及91日龄体重均有显著影响(P＜0.05)，高蛋白质组71～91日龄F/G显著高于低蛋白质组，中蛋白质组91日龄体重显著低于低、高蛋白质组。③饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对子代公鸡体尺指标无显著影响(P＞0.05)；子代公鸡胸深随能量水平升高而呈升高趋势(P＝0.085)。④饲粮能量水平对子代母鸡胸宽有显著影响(P＜0.05)，中能量组的显著高于低、高能量组；随能量水平升高，胫围呈先升高后下降的趋势(P＝0.053)；饲粮蛋白质水平对子代母鸡胫围、胸深有显著影响(P＜0.05)，低蛋白质组胫围显著高于中、高蛋白质组，低、高蛋白质组胸深显著高于中蛋白质组，蛋白质水平为16.50%时龙骨长最大。【结论】综合考虑子代雪山鸡生长性能各项指标，推荐产蛋期雪山鸡种母鸡饲粮适宜能量水平为11.51 MJ/kg，蛋白质水平为16.50%。

关键词: 饲粮能量水平; 饲粮蛋白质水平; 子代雪山鸡; 生长性能; 体尺性状

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of feeding Snowy Mountain chicken breeder hens with different energy and protein nutrient levels of rations on their offspring’s average daily gain (ADG),feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) and body size traits. 【Method】 Breeding hens were randomly divided into 9 groups according to a 3×3 two-factor experimental design,with 3 energy levels (11.09,11.51,11.92 MJ/kg) and 3 protein levels (14.50%,15.50%,16.50%).Breeding eggs were collected and incubated at 35 weeks of age, 2 700 1-day-old chicks were selected after hatching,and were grouped according to the breeders,1 350 males and 1 350 females,housed separately.The experimental period was 91 d.Daily weight gain and feed consumption were counted during the experimental period,and body size traits were measured at the end of the experiment. 【Result】 ① Dietary energy level had a significant effect on ADG and F/G of the male chickens at 50-70 days of age (P＜0.05),and with the increase of energy level,ADG was decreased while F/G was increased (P＜0.05).Dietary protein level had a significant effect on ADG of the male chickens at 1-14 days of age (P＜0.05),it was significantly higher in high protein group than that in medium protein group.Energy and protein levels had an extremely significant interaction on the newborn weight (P＜0.01),and significant interaction on ADG at 50-70 days of age (P＜0.05) of male chickens.② Dietary energy level had significant effects on F/G of female chickens at 71-91 days of age (P＜0.05),it was significantly higher in high energy group than that in medium energy group.Dietary protein level had significant effects on F/G at 71-91 days of age,ADG and body weights at 1-91 days of age,and body weights at 91 days of age of female chickens (P＜0.05),the high protein group exhibited a significantly higher F/G compared to the low protein group during the 71-91 days of age,while the medium protein group demonstrated markedly lower body weight at 91 days of age than both the low and high protein groups.③ Dietary energy and protein levels exhibited no significant effects on body size traits of male chickens (P>0.05),however,pectoral depth in male chickens demonstrated a tendency to increase with elevated dietary energy levels (P＝0.085).④ Dietary energy levels significantly affected breast width in female chickens (P＜0.05),the medium energy group exhibited significantly higher values than the low and high energy groups (P＜0.05),tibial circumference demonstrated a quadratic tendency with increasing dietary energy levels (P＝0.053).Dietary protein levels exerted significant effects on tibial circumference,pectoral depth (P＜0.05).Tibial circumference in the low protein group was significantly greater than that in the medium and high protein groups (P＜0.05).Both low and high protein groups exhibited significantly greater pectoral depth compared to the medium protein group,with maximum keel length observed at a protein level of 16.50%. 【Conclusion】 Based on a comprehensive evaluation of offspring growth performance parameters,the recommended dietary energy and protein levels for Snow Mountain breeding hens during the laying period were 11.51 MJ/kg and 16.50%,respectively.

Key words: dietary energy level; dietary protein level; Snow Mountain chicken offspring; growth performance; body size traits

中图分类号:

S815.1

陈万虹, 杨文鹏, 黄少华, 朱沛霁, 贾代汉, 赵敏孟, 张军, 李军, 龚道清. 雪山鸡种母鸡饲喂不同能量和蛋白质水平饲粮对其子代生长性能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(9): 4057-4068.

CHEN Wanhong, YANG Wenpeng, HUANG Shaohua, ZHU Peiji, JIA Daihan, ZHAO Minmeng, ZHANG Jun, LI Jun, GONG Daoqing. Effects of Different Energy and Protein Levels Diets on the Growth Performance of Offspring of Snowy Mountain Chicken Breeder Hens[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(9): 4057-4068.

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