维生素D3和25-羟基维生素D3对产蛋后期种鸭胫骨质量和肠道微生物组成的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.09.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究饲粮中添加维生素D₃(VD₃)和25-羟基维生素D₃(25-OH-D₃)对产蛋后期种鸭胫骨质量和肠道微生物组成的影响。【方法】试验选取60只64周龄健康且体重相近的北京鸭种鸭，随机分为3组，分别为对照组(不添加维生素D)、VD₃添加组(1 000 IU/kg VD₃)和25-OH-D₃添加组(1 000 IU/kg 25-OH-D₃)，每组10个重复，每个重复2只鸭。试验期共15周。试验期间测定种鸭平均体重和平均日采食量，试验结束后测定种鸭屠宰性能(胸肌率、盲肠率)、血浆生化指标和胫骨质量；检测种鸭十二指肠、空肠和回肠肠道形态，采集盲肠内容物进行16S rRNA测序分析微生物多样性。【结果】与对照组相比，①饲粮添加VD₃或25-OH-D₃对产蛋后期种鸭体重、平均日采食量、胸肌率和盲肠率均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。②饲粮添加VD₃或25-OH-D₃显著提高了血浆白蛋白含量和白蛋白与球蛋白比值(P＜0.05)。③25-OH-D₃添加组种鸭胫骨抗压强度显著提高(P＜0.05)，而VD₃添加组种鸭胫骨抗压强度无显著变化(P＞0.05)。④饲粮添加VD₃或25-OH-D₃均可显著提高种鸭十二指肠、空肠的绒毛高度和十二指肠绒隐比(P＜0.05)，显著降低十二指肠肌层厚度(P＜0.05)，且25-OH-D₃添加组十二指肠绒毛高度和绒隐比显著高于VD₃添加组(P＜0.05)。⑤饲粮添加VD₃或25-OH-D₃显著提高了盲肠中norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadinBB60_group和理研菌属RC9肠群(Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group)的相对丰度(P＜0.05)；显著降低了罗氏菌属(Roseburia)、丹毒梭菌属(Erysielatoclostrium)、柯林斯菌属(Collinsella)和狭义梭菌属1(Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1)的相对丰度(P＜0.05)。25-OH-D₃添加组脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)和狭义梭菌属1的相对丰度显著高于VD₃组(P＜0.05)。【结论】饲粮添加VD₃或25-OH-D₃均可提高产蛋后期种鸭胫骨质量、十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度，且25-OH-D₃改善胫骨抗压强度、十二指肠绒毛高度和盲肠内与能量代谢相关菌群丰度的效果优于VD₃。

关键词: 维生素D₃(VD₃); 25-羟基维生素D₃(25-OH-D₃); 胫骨质量; 肠道形态; 微生物组成

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin D₃ (VD₃) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25-OH-D₃) on the tibial quality and intestinal microbiota composition of breeding ducks in late laying period. 【Method】 A total of 60 laying Pekin ducks (64 weeks of age) were randomly allotted to 3 treatments with 10 replicate pens of 2 duck each.The ducks were fed a basal diet with no vitamin D supplementation or supplemented with VD₃ or 25-OH-D₃ at 1 000 IU/kg of feed for 15 weeks.During the experiment,the average body weight and average daily feed intake were measured.After the experiment,the slaughter performance (pectoral muscle rate and cecal rate),plasma biochemical indicators and tibial quality of breeding ducks were determined.Additionally,intestinal morphology of the duodenum,jejunum,and ileum was evaluated,and cecal contents were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze microbial diversity. 【Result】 Compared with control group,①Dietary supplementation of VD₃ or 25-OH-D₃ had no significant effects on body weight,average daily feed intake,pectoral muscle rate,and cecal rate (P＞0.05).②Dietary supplementation of VD₃ or 25-OH-D₃ significantly increased plasma albumin content and the ratio of albumin to globulin (P＜0.05).③Dietary supplementation of 25-OH-D₃ significantly increased the tibial compressive strength (P＜0.05),dietary supplementation of VD₃ had no significant effect on the tibial compressive strength (P＞0.05).④Supplemented with either VD₃ or 25-OH-D₃ significantly increased the villus height of duodenum and jejunum and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of duodenum (P＜0.05),reduced the muscle thickness of duodenum (P＜0.05).Compared with VD₃ group,dietary supplementation of 25-OH-D₃ significantly increased villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of duodenum (P＜0.05).⑤Dietary supplementation with VD₃ or 25-OH-D₃ significantly increased the relative abundance of norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadinBB60_gorup and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group (P＜0.05), significantly reduced the relative abundance of Roseburia,Erysielatoclostrium,Collinsella and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (P＜0.05).The relative abundance of Desulfovibrio and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in 25-OH-D₃ group was significantly higher than that in VD₃ group (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Both VD₃ and 25-OH-D₃ could improve the tibial quality and intestinal morphology of breeding ducks in late laying period.Moreover,the effect of 25-OH-D₃ in improving tibial compressive strength,duodenal villus height and the abundance of flora related to energy metabolism in cecum was superior to that of VD₃.

Key words: vitamin D₃ (VD₃); 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25-OH-D₃); tibial quality; intestinal morphology; microbiological composition

中图分类号:

S834^＋.81

李雅婷, 周伟, 庄蕾, 牟启铭, 金永燕, 赵健楠, 谢明, 周正奎, 夏呈强, 唐静. 维生素D₃和25-羟基维生素D₃对产蛋后期种鸭胫骨质量和肠道微生物组成的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(9): 4043-4056.

LI Yating, ZHOU Wei, ZHUANG Lei, MU Qiming, JIN Yongyan, ZHAO Jiannan, XIE Ming, ZHOU Zhengkui, XIA Chengqiang, TANG Jing. Effects of Vitamin D₃ and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ on Tibial Quality and Microbial Composition of Breeding Ducks in Late Laying Period[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(9): 4043-4056.

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维生素D₃和25-羟基维生素D₃对产蛋后期种鸭胫骨质量和肠道微生物组成的影响

Effects of Vitamin D₃ and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ on Tibial Quality and Microbial Composition of Breeding Ducks in Late Laying Period

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