黄曲霉毒素B1的毒性机理、检测及脱毒方法研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.08.043

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 黄曲霉毒素主要是由黄曲霉和寄生曲霉等真菌在适宜环境条件下产生的有毒次级代谢产物，广泛存在于食品和饲料中，对人畜健康造成极大威胁，目前已成为食品和饲料安全领域的重大问题。黄曲霉毒素B₁(AFB₁)是众多霉菌毒素中危害最大的一种，对于人和动物机体具有高毒性和强致癌性，其毒性主要包括肝脏毒性、神经毒性、肠道毒性、免疫毒性和生殖毒性等。如何对黄曲霉毒素B₁进行有效检测和脱毒一直是国内外的研究热点。传统的检测方法如色谱法或免疫分析法长期以来有着广泛的适用性，而随着科学技术的进步，一些新型的检测方法被开发，并具备更高的准确性和灵敏度。在脱毒方面，相较于物理和化学脱毒法，生物脱毒凭借其独特优势成为目前的研究热点，具有更好的应用潜力。笔者结合最新的科研成果，对黄曲霉毒素B₁的毒性机理、检测方法和脱毒方法进行全面综述，探讨不同检测和脱毒方法的优势与局限性，评估它们在实际应用中的可行性，并展望未来的发展方向，以期为黄曲霉毒素B₁的研究提供更加坚实的理论基础，从而有效减少黄曲霉毒素对人畜健康的威胁，保障食品安全和公共卫生。

关键词: 黄曲霉毒素B₁; 理化性质; 毒性机理; 检测方法; 脱毒方法

Abstract: Aflatoxins are mainly toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi such as Aflatus and Aspergillus parasiticus under suitable environmental conditions.They are widely present in food and feed,posing a great threat to human and animal health,and have become a major problem in the field of food and feed safety.Aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁) is one of the most harmful mycotoxins,which has high toxicity and strong carcinogenicity for humans and animals.Its toxicity mainly includes liver toxicity,neurotoxicity,intestinal toxicity,immunotoxicity and reproductive toxicity.How to effectively detect and detoxification aflatoxin B₁ has been a research hotspot at home and abroad.Traditional detection methods such as chromatography or immunoassay have been widely used for a long time,and with the progress of science and technology,some new detection methods have been developed with higher accuracy and sensitivity.In terms of detoxification,compared with physical and chemical detoxification,biological detoxification has become a current research hotspot due to its unique advantages and has better application potential.In this paper,the toxicity mechanism,detection methods and detoxification methods of aflatoxin B₁ will be comprehensively reviewed based on the latest scientific research results,the advantages and limitations of different detection and detoxification methods will be discussed,the feasibility of their practical application will be evaluated,and the future development direction will be looked forward to in order to provide a more solid theoretical basis for the research of aflatoxin B₁.Therefore,it can effectively reduce the threat of aflatoxins to human and animal health,and ensure food safety and public health.

Key words: aflatoxin B₁; physical and chemical properties; toxicity mechanism; detection methods; detoxification methods

中图分类号:

S852.4^＋4

贾克江, 吴国芳, 张剑搏, 罗璇, 王磊. 黄曲霉毒素B₁的毒性机理、检测及脱毒方法研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(8): 3954-3964.

JIA Kejiang, WU Guofang, ZHANG Jianbo, LUO Xuan, WANG Lei. Research Progress on Toxicity Mechanism,Detection and Detoxification Methods of Aflatoxin B₁[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(8): 3954-3964.

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黄曲霉毒素B₁的毒性机理、检测及脱毒方法研究进展

Research Progress on Toxicity Mechanism,Detection and Detoxification Methods of Aflatoxin B₁

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