丁酸钠和藤茶黄酮对澳加F1代荷斯坦断奶犊牛生产性能、腹泻和血清指标的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.08.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究荷斯坦断奶犊牛基础饲粮中添加丁酸钠和藤茶黄酮对犊牛生产性能、腹泻和血清指标的影响。【方法】试验分别选取日龄和体重相近的澳加F1代荷斯坦母犊牛28头，随机分为4组，每组7头。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮，试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加3 g/kg DM的丁酸钠(Ⅱ组)、8 g/kg DM的藤茶黄酮(Ⅲ组)和3 g/kg DM丁酸钠+8 g/kg DM藤茶黄酮(Ⅳ组)。试验预试期10 d，正试期60 d。试验结束后，对各组断奶犊牛空腹称重，测量其体尺，并计算体尺指数和各组犊牛平均日增重(ADG)、日干物质采食量(DMI)和料重比(F/G)；收集每头试验牛粪便测定粪便含水率；每天观察并记录各组犊牛粪便情况，测定犊牛腹泻率并进行粪便评分；试验结束后对犊牛进行尾根静脉采血测定血清生化指标。【结果】 ①Ⅲ组犊牛终末体重和ADG显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05)，平均日采食量(DMI)显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ组(P＜0.05)；②Ⅲ组犊牛体高显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅳ组(P＜0.05)，Ⅲ和Ⅳ组犊牛管围显著高于Ⅰ组，Ⅳ组犊牛管围指数显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05)；③在60 d时,Ⅱ和Ⅲ组犊牛粪便含水率显著低于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05)，Ⅲ组犊牛平均粪便评分和腹泻率均显著低于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05)；④Ⅱ和Ⅲ组犊牛血清中胆固醇(CHOL)含量显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅳ组(P＜0.05)，Ⅱ和Ⅲ组犊牛血清中胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05)。【结论】在犊牛基础饲粮中添加8 g/kg DM藤茶黄酮能减轻澳加F1代荷斯坦断奶犊牛腹泻症状，并提高其生长性能。

关键词: 荷斯坦断奶犊牛; 腹泻率; 生长性能; 血清指标

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment aimed to study the effect of sodium butyrate and Ampelopsis grossedentata flavonoids in the basal diet of Holstein weaned calves on their production performance,diarrhea and serum indicators. 【Method】 28 Australian-Canadian F1 Holstein female calves of similar age and body weight were randomly divided into 4 groups with 7 heads each.The calves in control group (group Ⅰ) were fed the basal diet,in experimental groups were supplemented with 3 g/kg DM sodium butyrate (group Ⅱ),8 g/kg DM Ampelopsis grossedentata flavonoids (group Ⅲ) and 3 g/kg DM sodium butyrate + 8 g/kg DM Ampelopsis grossedentata flavonoids (group Ⅳ),respectively.The pretest period was 10 d and the pilot period was 60 d.After the experiment,the body weight and body size of weaned calves were measured，and body size index，the average daily gain (ADG),daily dry material food intake (DMI) and feed to gain ratio (F/G) of calves in each group were calculated.The fecal stool of each calf was collected and the fecal moisture rate was measured.The fecal situation of each calf in each group was observed and recorded every day,and the diarrhea rate of calves was measured and fecal score was performed.Blood samples from tail root vein were collected to determine the serum biochemical indicators. 【Result】 ①The final body weight and ADG of calves in group Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in groupⅠ (P＜0.05),and DMI was significantly higher than groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅳ (P＜0.05).②The withers height of calves in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ (P＜0.05),the pipe circumference of calves in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ,and pipe circumference index of calves in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P＜0.05);③At 60 days,the fecal moisture rate of calves in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly lower than that in group I (P＜0.05)，and the average fecal scores and diarrhea rate of calves in group Ⅲ were significantly lower than that of group Ⅰ (P＜0.05).④The content of cholesterol (CHOL) in serum of calves in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ (P＜0.05),the content of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in serum of calves in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 The addition of 8 g/kg DM Ampelopsis grossedentata flavonoids in the basal diet could reduce the diarrhea and improve the growth performance of Australian-Canadian F1 Holstein weanded calves.

Key words: Holstein weaned calves; diarrhoea rate; growth performance; serum indicators

中图分类号:

S823.9

张丽娟, 赵敏霖, 张萌, 张浩, 黄琴, 姜丰, 尹富鹞, 张立新, 杜治泳, 杨润承, 王莉兴, 李清. 丁酸钠和藤茶黄酮对澳加F1代荷斯坦断奶犊牛生产性能、腹泻和血清指标的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(8): 3651-3660.

ZHANG Lijuan, ZHAO Minlin, ZHANG Meng, ZHANG Hao, HUANG Qin, JIANG Feng, YIN Fuyao, ZHANG Lixin, DU Zhiyong, YANG Runcheng, WAMG Lixing, LI Qing. Effects of Sodium Butyrate and Ampelopsis grossedentata Flavonoids on Production Performance, Diarrhea and Serum Indicators in Australian-Canadian F1 Holstein Weaned Calves[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(8): 3651-3660.

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