谷子代替部分玉米对伊拉肉兔屠宰性能、肉品质、血清免疫和抗氧化指标的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.08.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨谷子(张杂谷)代替部分玉米对伊拉肉兔屠宰性能、肉品质、免疫和抗氧化性能的影响，筛选谷子适宜的使用比例。【方法】选取30日龄伊拉肉兔180只，公母各半，随机分为6组，每组5个重复，每个重复6只。分别饲喂张杂谷使用比例为0(对照组)、5%(试验Ⅰ组)、10%(试验Ⅱ组)、15%(试验Ⅲ组)、20%(试验Ⅳ组)和25%(试验Ⅴ组)的试验饲粮。预饲期5 d，正式试验期55 d。试验结束后，每个重复选取2只兔，耳静脉采血5 mL，测定血清免疫和抗氧化指标；屠宰后测定屠宰性能相关指标及脏器重量，并采集背最长肌样品，检测肉品质相关指标。【结果】 ①试验Ⅲ和Ⅳ组伊拉肉兔的全净膛重和半净膛重均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)，各组间屠宰率差异均不显著(P＞0.05)；试验Ⅲ和Ⅳ组兔的肝脏指数和圆小囊指数均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。②与对照组相比，试验Ⅲ和Ⅳ组兔背最长肌的蒸煮损失显著降低、脂肪含量显著升高(P＜0.05)；试验各组背最长肌中必需氨基酸和风味氨基酸含量均有上升趋势，但差异不显著(P＞0.05)。③血清免疫指标方面，试验Ⅲ和Ⅳ组兔血清中免疫球蛋白G含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)；相较于对照组、试验Ⅰ和Ⅴ组，试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组兔的免疫球蛋白A含量显著提高(P＜0.05)；试验Ⅲ组血清α-干扰素含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)，补体蛋白4含量显著高于对照组、试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P＜0.05)；血清抗氧化指标中，试验Ⅲ组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶的含量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P＜0.05)，且试验Ⅳ组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量也高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P＜0.05)。【结论】综合以上结果，以15%张杂谷代替玉米可以提高伊拉肉兔的屠宰性能，改善肉品质，增强免疫和抗氧化能力。

关键词: 谷子; 屠宰性能; 肉品质; 免疫指标; 抗氧化指标

Abstract: 【Objective】 To investigate the effects of millet (Zhangzagu) replacing part corn on slaughtering performance,meat quality,immune and antioxidant indexes of Ira rabbits,and to select the appropriate proportion of millet. 【Methods】 180 30-day-old Ira rabbits,half male and half female,were randomly divided into 6 groups with 5 replicates per group and 6 rabbits per replicate.The rabbits were fed experimental diets containing 0 (control group),5% (group Ⅰ),10% (group Ⅱ),15% (group Ⅲ),20% (group Ⅳ) and 25% (group Ⅴ) millet, respectively,with 5 d of pre-test period and 55 d formal test period.After the experiment,2 rabbits were selected from each repeat,and 5 mL of blood was collected from ear vein to determine the serum immune and antioxidant index.After slaughtering,slaughtering performance and organ weight were determined,and longissimus dorsi muscle were collected to detect meat quality traits. 【Results】 ①The full carcass weight and half carcass weight of Ira rabbits in experimental groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ were higher than those of control group (P＜0.05),there was no significant difference in slaughter rate between the groups (P＞0.05).The liver index and sacculus rotundus index of groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ were both higher than those of control group (P＜0.05).②Compared with control group,the cooking loss of the longissimus dorsi muscle of rabbits was significantly reduced,and the fat content was significantly increased in experimental groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P＜0.05).The essential amino acids and flavor amino acids content of longissimus dorsi muscle in all experimental groups had an increasing trend，but the difference was not significant (P＞0.05).③In terms of serum immune indexes,the serum immunoglobulin G content of experimental groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ were higher than that of control group (P＜0.05).Compared with control group,groups Ⅰ and Ⅴ,the immunoglobulin A content of groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly increased (P＜0.05).The serum interferon-α content of group Ⅲ was significantly increased compared to control group (P＜0.05),complement protein 4 content was significantly higher than that of control group,groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P＜0.05).In terms of serum antioxidant indexes,the contents of serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in experimental group Ⅲ was significantly increased compared with those in control group and experimental group Ⅰ(P＜0.05),and the content of serum glutathione peroxidase in experimental group Ⅳ was also higher than that in control group and experimental group Ⅰ(P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Considering the above results,replacing corn with 15% Zhangzagu could improve the slaughter performance of Ira rabbits,enhance meat quality,and strengthen immunity and antioxidant capacity.

Key words: millet; slaughter performance; meat quality; immune index; antioxidant index

中图分类号:

S816.41

秦艺萌, 崔涛, 王佳宁, 张艳磊, 吴淑琴, 孙全文, 马旭平, 赵月平. 谷子代替部分玉米对伊拉肉兔屠宰性能、肉品质、血清免疫和抗氧化指标的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(8): 3584-3594.

QIN Yimeng, CUI Tao, WANG Jianing, ZHANG Yanlei, WU Shuqin, SUN Quanwen, MA Xunping, ZHAO Yueping. Effects of Millet Replacing Part Corn on Slaughter Performance,Meat Quality, Serum Immune and Antioxidant Index of Ira Rabbits[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(8): 3584-3594.

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