弗莱维赫牛F1代和蒙贝利亚牛F1代泌乳性能及其影响因素分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.07.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】系统比较弗莱维赫牛F1代和蒙贝利亚牛F1代在中国华北地区饲养条件下的泌乳性能差异。【方法】基于山东烟台规模化牧场中智利西门塔尔牛母本分别与弗莱维赫种公牛冻精和蒙贝利亚种公牛冻精产生的F1代，收集2021-2024年的生产性能测定(dairy herd improvement,DHI)记录，采用SAS 9.4软件Mixed过程构建混合线性模型，分析品系、胎次、测定季节、泌乳阶段及其交互作用对弗莱维赫牛F1代和蒙贝利亚牛F1代泌乳性状的影响。【结果】胎次、季节及泌乳阶段对弗莱维赫牛F1代和蒙贝利亚牛F1代产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和体细胞评分(somatic cell score,SCS)均有显著影响(P＜0.05)。随着胎次增加，弗莱维赫牛F1代和蒙贝利亚牛F1代产奶量和乳脂率均显著升高(P＜0.05)；夏季产奶量和SCS最高，而乳脂率和乳蛋白率在冬季达到峰值；随着泌乳天数的增加，弗莱维赫牛F1代和蒙贝利亚牛F1代乳脂率、乳蛋白率和SCS呈现先降低后升高的趋势。蒙贝利亚牛F1代第1胎次的乳蛋白率显著高于弗莱维赫牛F1代(P＜0.05)；至第2胎次时，其乳蛋白率差异进一步增大，达到极显著水平(P＜0.01)。在不同测定季节中，蒙贝利亚牛F1代的乳蛋白率仅在冬季表现极显著优势(P＜0.01)。而在泌乳阶段比较中，蒙贝利亚牛F1代在泌乳初期的乳蛋白率极显著高于弗莱维赫牛F1代(P＜0.01)，但在泌乳后期却显著低于弗莱维赫牛F1代(P＜0.05)。值得注意的是，蒙贝利亚牛F1代的SCS在所有胎次、季节和泌乳阶段均低于弗莱维赫牛F1代，表明蒙贝利亚牛F1代在泌乳性能和乳房炎抗性方面具备优势。【结论】在华北地区饲养条件下，胎次、季节、泌乳阶段对弗莱维赫牛F1代和蒙贝利亚牛F1代的泌乳性能有不同程度的影响，研究结果有助于牧场饲养品系的选择和生产管理的决策。

关键词: 弗莱维赫牛; 蒙贝利亚牛; 泌乳性能; 影响因素

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed to systematically compare the lactation performance differences between Fleckvieh F1 and Montbéliarde F1 cows under the feeding conditions in Northern China. 【Method】 Dairy herd improvement (DHI) records from 2021 to 2024 were collected and obtained from a large-scale dairy farm in Yantai,Shandong province.The analysis focused on F1 cows from Chilean Simmental dams crossed with Fleckvieh and Montbéliarde sires.A mixed linear model was constructed using the SAS 9.4 software (Mixed procedure) to analyze the effects of breed,parity,measurement season,lactation stage and their interactions on lactation traits in Fleckvieh F1 and Montbéliarde F1 cows. 【Result】 Parity,season and lactation stage were found to significantly affect milk yield,milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage,and somatic cell score (SCS) in Fleckvieh F1 and Montbéliarde F1 cows (P＜0.05).With the increase of parity,the milk yield,milk fat percentage and milk protein percentage were significantly increased across the first three parities in Fleckvieh F1 and Montbéliarde F1 cows (P＜0.05).The milk yield and SCS were the highest in summer,while milk fat percentage and milk protein percentage were the highest in winter.With the increase of lactation days,the milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage and SCS initially declined and then increased in Fleckvieh F1 and Montbéliarde F1 cows.In the first lactation,Montbéliarde F1 cows exhibited significantly higher milk protein percentage than Fleckvieh F1 cows (P<0.05),with the difference becoming even more pronounced in the second lactation (P<0.01).Seasonal comparisons revealed that Montbéliarde F1 cows had significantly higher milk protein percentages only during winter (P<0.01).Regarding lactation stages,although Montbéliarde F1 cows demonstrated markedly higher milk protein percentage in early lactation (P<0.01),their values were significantly lower than those of Fleckvieh F1 cows in late lactation (P<0.05).Notably,the Montbéliarde F1 cows exhibited consistently lower SCS than the Fleckvieh F1 cows across all parities,seasons,and lactation stages.The results suggested that Montbéliarde F1 cows exhibited superior lactation performance and enhanced resistance to mastitis compared with Fleckvieh F1 cows. 【Conclusion】 Under the feeding conditions in Northern China,parity,season and lactation stage had varying effects on the lactation performance in Fleckvieh F1 and Montbéliarde F1 cows.The results provided valuable insights for breed improvement and production management decisions on dairy farms.

Key words: Fleckvieh cows; Montbéliarde cows; lactation performance; influencing factors

中图分类号:

S823

董春晓, 刘思源, 马裴裴, 戴东文, 孔凡林, 孙志刚, 王蔚, 俞英, 李胜利. 弗莱维赫牛F1代和蒙贝利亚牛F1代泌乳性能及其影响因素分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(7): 3225-3233.

DONG Chunxiao, LIU Siyuan, MA Peipei, DAI Dongwen, KONG Fanlin, SUN Zhigang, WANG Wei, YU Ying, LI Shengli. Analysis of Lactation Performance and Influencing Factors in Fleckvieh F1 and Montbéliarde F1 Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(7): 3225-3233.

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