猪精液保存技术研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.09.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着社会经济发展的需要，养猪业逐渐趋向规模化、集约化及高效化养殖。人工授精(AI)作为现代化猪养殖过程中最有效的一种生物技术被广泛应用，其中保存优质种猪精液是人工授精的关键步骤。经保存后的猪精液品质直接影响到母猪的受胎率及仔猪的成活率，在精液保存过程中其质量会受到温度、pH、微生物及精液稀释剂等因素影响。目前生产实践中对猪精液保存主要采用常温保存、低温保存、冷冻保存3种方法。常温保存为利用猪精液在15～25 ℃下产生酸性代谢产物形成酸抑制达到短期保存目的。低温保存为在抗冷剂的保护下将精液缓慢降温至0～5 ℃，使精子处于半休眠状态从而进行保存。冷冻保存为利用液氮等冷源使猪精液进行快速降温至―196～―79 ℃，从而抑制精子的生理代谢活动，以达到长期保存猪精液的目的。作者旨在对3种猪精液保存方法进行综述，对影响猪精液保存效果的主要因素进行简要介绍，并提出了针对不同猪精液保存方法的改进策略，从而为中国生猪产业的人工授精技术相关研究及其应用和猪种质资源保存提供有益的参考与借鉴，助推中国猪产业持续健康发展。

关键词: 猪; 精液保存; 常温保存; 低温保存; 冷冻保存

Abstract: In response to the demands of social and economic growth, the pig industry is steadily transitioning towards large-scale, intensive and highly efficient breeding methods.Artificial insemination (AI) is currently used in pig reproduction as one of the most effective biological technology, in which the preservation of high-quality boar semen is a key step in artificial insemination.The quality of pig semen after preservation directly affects the fertility rate of sows and the survival rate of piglets, and its quality will be influenced by various factors such as temperature, pH, microorganisms and semen extenders during semen preservation.Nowadays, three methods of pig semen preservation are mainly adopted in production practice:Room temperature preservation, low temperature preservation and cryopreservation.Room temperature preservation utilizes the acidic metabolites produced by the semen at 15-25 ℃ to achieve short-term preservation by acid inhibition.Low temperature preservation involves slowly cooling the semen to 0-5 ℃ under the protection of cryoprotectants to preserve the sperm by keeping it in a semi-dormant state.Cryopreservation utilizes cryogenic sources such as liquid nitrogen to rapidly freeze the semen to ―196 to ―79 ℃, thereby inhibiting physiological metabolic activities of sperm to achieve long-term preservation of pig semen.The authors aim to comprehensively review three distinct methods of pig semen preservation technology, provide a concise overview of the primary factors that impact the efficacy of this preservation process, and strive to present improvement strategies tailored to each preservation method, so as to contribute valuable references and insights to the research and implementation of artificial insemination technology, as well as the preservation of porcine germplasm resources within China’s pig industry.Ultimately, its objective is to facilitate the sustainable and healthy growth of China’s pig industry.

Key words: pigs; semen preservation; room temperature preservation; low temperature preservation; cryopreservation

中图分类号:

S814

赵艺嘉, 李栋, 胡建宏, 杨公社, 于太永. 猪精液保存技术研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(9): 3909-3920.

ZHAO Yijia, LI Dong, HU Jianhong, YANG Gongshe, YU Taiyong. Research Progress on Boar Semen Preservation[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(9): 3909-3920.

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