牛精子冷冻损伤及其改善方法

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.06.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 牛精液冷冻与人工授精技术相结合，在牛品种改良、保护优良种质资源中发挥着重要作用。尽管冷冻后部分牛精子活力高达60%以上，但是冷冻后精子受损现象却普遍存在，尤其是受精能力与鲜精相比显著降低。作者详细介绍了冷冻-解冻过程对牛精子造成的主要损伤，包括精子的形态完整性、活力及遗传物质的改变等；阐述了冷冻造成精子损伤的主要原因，即细胞内冰晶形成和氧化应激反应及其产生的可能机制；并且对目前常用的提高冷冻精子质量的方法，如添加冷冻保护剂、优化冷冻程序以及添加抗氧化剂等进行了详细地综述；提出了在冷冻精液研究方面值得探索的问题，以期为家畜精液冷冻保存技术的进一步优化提供理论依据。

关键词: 牛; 精子; 冷冻保存; 冷冻损伤; 精子品质

Abstract: The combination of cryopreservation of semen and artificial insemination technology plays an important role in the improvement of cattle breeds and the protection of excellent germplasm resources.Despite the motility of frozen bovine sperm is more than 60%,the damage and deficiency of frozen sperm are common,especially the fertilization ability is significantly lower than that of fresh sperm.This article introduced the main damage caused by freezing thawing process to bovine sperm,including the morphological integrity,vitality and genetic material changes of sperm.The main reasons of sperm damage caused by freezing were discussed,including the formation of ice crystals and oxidative stress in cells,and the possible mechanism.The common methods to improve the quality of frozen sperm,such as adding cryoprotectants,optimizing freezing procedures and adding antioxidants,were reviewed in detail.The main issue of sperm cryopreservation was discussed,and this article would provide a theoretical basis for enhanced cryopreservation of livestock semen.

Key words: bull; sperm; cryopreservation; cryo-damage; sperm quality

中图分类号:

S823

王娜, 张洁, 海超, 李欣, 李光鹏, 赵跃芳. 牛精子冷冻损伤及其改善方法[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(6): 2101-2112.

WANG Na, ZHANG Jie, HAI Chao, LI Xin, LI Guangpeng, ZHAO Yuefang. Cryo-damage of Bovine Sperm and Its Improvement[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(6): 2101-2112.

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