中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 851-858.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.02.030

• 遗传繁育 • 上一篇    下一篇

荷斯坦牛早发性肌无力综合征遗传缺陷的ARMS-PCR检测方法的建立

侯淅菱1(), 李欣1, 王紫浈1, 李昕玥1, 孙悦1, 龙怡舟1, 崔恒源1, 郭刚2, 高红彬3, 张毅1()   

  1. 1.中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,北京 100193
    2.北京首农畜牧发展有限公司,北京 100029
    3.安博(北京)国际贸易有限责任公司,北京 100027
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-06 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-01-27
  • 通讯作者: 张毅 E-mail:h07150825@163.com;yizhang@cau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:侯淅菱,E-mail:h07150825@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-36);宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2023BCF01004)

Establishment of ARMS-PCR Detection Method for Early Onset Muscle Weakness Syndrome Genetic Defect in Holstein Cattle

HOU Xiling1(), LI Xin1, WANG Zizhen1, LI Xinyue1, SUN Yue1, LONG Yizhou1, CUI Hengyuan1, GUO Gang2, GAO Hongbin3, ZHANG Yi1()   

  1. 1.College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China
    2.Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co. ,Ltd. ,Beijing 100029,China
    3.Genus (Beijing) International Trade Co. ,Ltd. ,Beijing 100027,China
  • Received:2025-06-06 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-01-27
  • Contact: ZHANG Yi E-mail:h07150825@163.com;yizhang@cau.edu.cn

摘要:

目的 早发性肌无力综合征(early onset muscle weakness syndrome,MW)是新近发现的一种荷斯坦牛遗传缺陷,患病犊牛表现为出生后趴卧不起、后肢肌肉萎缩等,其遗传机制与L型钙通道蛋白α1S亚基编码基因CACNA1S的单碱基突变相关。本研究旨在建立该遗传缺陷的分子检测方法,并探究其在国内荷斯坦牛群体中的扩散情况。 方法 基于MW致病位点特异性DNA序列,设计扩增阻滞突变系统-聚合酶链式反应(ARMS-PCR)检测引物,对317份荷斯坦牛冻精和毛囊样本进行MW遗传缺陷基因筛查,通过Sanger测序对ARMS-PCR检测结果进行验证,并利用系谱数据追溯MW突变源头。 结果 ARMS-PCR检出MW携带者21头,携带率为6.62%(21/317),未发现缺陷基因纯合子,提示该突变为隐性纯合致死。Sanger测序与ARMS-PCR所得基因型完全一致,证明该技术具有高度准确性。系谱追溯表明,MW携带者的遗传来源可追溯至1984年出生的荷斯坦公牛Southwind Bell of Bar-Lee。 结论 MW遗传缺陷已在中国荷斯坦牛群体中扩散且携带率较高,建议牧场应尽早开展MW遗传缺陷基因检测和风险评估,采取科学的选种选配措施以减少遗传缺陷导致的经济损失。

关键词: 早发性肌无力综合征(MW); ARMS-PCR; 基因检测; 遗传缺陷; Sanger测序

Abstract:

Objective Early onset muscle weakness syndrome (MW) is a recently discovered genetic defect in Holstein cattle. The sick calves exhibit symptoms such as lying down motionless after birth and atrophy of the hind limb muscles. Its genetic mechanism is related to a single-base mutation in the gene CACNA1S, which encodes the α1S subunit of the L-type calcium channel protein. This study aimed to establish a molecular detection method for this genetic defect and explore its spread within the Chinese Holstein cattle population. Method Based on the specific DNA sequence of MW pathogenic site, the primers were designed for amplification refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR). A genetic defect gene screening was conducted on 317 samples of Holstein bull frozen semen and hair follicles, and the results of ARMS-PCR were verified through Sanger sequencing. Pedigree data was used to trace the source of the MW mutation. Result ARMS-PCR detected 21 carriers of MW mutation with a carrier rate of 6.62% (21/317), and no pure heterozygotes for the defective gene were found, suggesting that the mutation was recessive and purely lethal. Sanger sequencing showed the consistent genotypes with those obtained by ARMS-PCR, demonstrating the high accuracy of this technique. Furthermore, pedigree analysis traced the origin of MW carriers to the Holstein bull Southwind Bell of Bar-Lee, born in 1984. Conclusion The MW genetic defect had already spread within Chinese Holstein cattle populations and was present at a relatively high frequency. It was recommended that ranchers should carry out genetic testing and risk assessment of MW genetic defects as early as possible, and take scientific selection and mating measures to effectively reduce the economic losses caused by genetic defects.

Key words: early onset muscle weakness syndrome (MW); ARMS-PCR; genetic testing; genetic defect; Sanger sequencing

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