中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 837-850.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.02.029

• 遗传繁育 • 上一篇    下一篇

乌蒙乌骨鸡TYR基因密码子使用偏好模式特征与进化分析

宋兴超(), 孟金柱, 赵园园, 吴震洋, 安清明()   

  1. 铜仁学院农林工程与规划学院,贵州省梵净山地区生物多样性保护与利用重点实验室,铜仁 554300
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-13 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-01-27
  • 通讯作者: 安清明 E-mail:songxingchao_888@126.com;anqingming2009@163.com
  • 作者简介:宋兴超,E-mail:songxingchao_888@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技厅科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般559);贵州省高层次创新型“千”层次人才培养项目(2024-[2022]-048);贵州省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S2024106651920)

Analysis of Codon Usage Bias Patterns and Evolution of TYR Gene in Wumeng Black-bone Chickens

SONG Xingchao(), MENG Jinzhu, ZHAO Yuanyuan, WU Zhenyang, AN Qingming()   

  1. Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in the Fanjing Mountain Region,College of Agroforesry Engineering and Planning,Tongren University,Tongren 554300,China
  • Received:2025-08-13 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-01-27
  • Contact: AN Qingming E-mail:songxingchao_888@126.com;anqingming2009@163.com

摘要:

目的 探究乌蒙乌骨鸡酪氨酸酶(tyrosinase,TYR)基因在进化过程中形成的密码子使用模式特征及影响因素,解析不同物种间亲缘进化与密码子使用偏好性的关系,为开展乌骨鸡TYR基因异源高效遗传转化提供借鉴与参考。 方法 以乌蒙乌骨鸡与其他22个物种的TYR基因CDS为材料,采用CodonW 1.4.4、CUSP、CHIPS、EMBOSS等软件分析该基因密码子使用偏好模式特征;通过中性绘图(Neutrality-plot)和奇偶偏好性(PR2-plot)方法分析造成密码子使用偏好性的可能因素;基于同义密码子相对使用度(relative synonymous codon usage,RSCU)值构建不同物种TYR基因密码子使用偏好性聚类热图,利用ClustalX 1.83和Mega 7.0软件对不同物种TYR基因CDS进行系统进化分析;分别比较乌蒙乌骨鸡TYR基因与小鼠、斑马鱼和大肠杆菌3种模式生物基因组密码子的使用频率。 结果 乌蒙乌骨鸡TYR基因偏好使用的密码子有27个(RSCU>1.0),其中ATC、CTG、AGA、TCT、TCA和ACT为优势密码子(RSCU>1.6),GC3s、GC、ENC和CBI值分别为50.38%、47.30%、54.57和0.025,偏好性较弱;鲤科鱼类GC3s和GC含量均高于55%,第3位碱基偏好使用G/C。Neutrality-plot和PR2-plot分析显示,自然选择压力是不同物种TYR基因密码子使用偏好模式特征形成的主要因素。RSCU值聚类热图与CDS系统进化结果不完全一致,2种聚类方法均显示乌蒙乌骨鸡、原鸡和日本鹌鹑等鸡形目TYR基因CDS密码子使用具有相似的偏好性。与小鼠和大肠杆菌相比,斑马鱼更适宜作为乌蒙乌骨鸡TYR基因异源表达系统。 结论 不同物种间TYR基因密码子使用偏好模式特征存在差异,自然选择是其偏好性形成的主要影响因素,模式生物斑马鱼可作为乌蒙乌骨鸡TYR基因功能解析的遗传转化受体。

关键词: 乌蒙乌骨鸡; TYR基因; 密码子使用偏好性; 分子进化; 异源表达

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to explore the codon usage bias patterns and influencing factors of tyrosinase (TYR) gene in Wumeng Black-bone chickens during the evolution process. The relationship between phylogenetic evolution and codon usage bias among different species were analyzed, so as to provide reference for efficient heterologous genetic transformation of TYR gene in Black-bone chickens. Method Using the CDS of TYR gene in Wumeng Black-bone chickens and 22 other species as materials, and CodonW 1.4.4, CUSP, CHIPS and EMBOSS software were used to analyze the codon usage bias patterns of TYR gene. The possible factors causing codon preference were analyzed by Neutrality-plot and PR2-plot. The codon usage bias clustering heat map of TYR gene were constructed based on relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) value, and phylogenetic relationship of TYR gene CDS among different species were analyzed by ClustalX 1.83 and Mega 7.0 software. The codon usage frequency of TYR gene in Wumeng Black-bone chickens was compared with that of genomic codons in model organisms such as Mus musculusDanio rerio and Escherichia coli. Result There were 27 preferred codons (RSCU>1.0) of TYR gene in Wumeng Black-bone chickens, and ATC, CTG, AGA, TCT, TCA, and ACT were dominant codons (RSCU>1.6). The GC3s, GC, ENC and CBI values of TYR gene were 50.38%, 47.30%, 54.57, and 0.025, respectively, indicating weak preference. The content of GC3s and GC in Cyprinidae were all higher than 55%, which indicated that the third base prefered to use G/C. Neutrality-plot and PR2-plot analysis results showed that natural selection pressure was the main factor in the formation of codon usage preference of TYR gene in different species. The clustering heat map and phylogenetic evolution results based on RSCU value and CDS were not completely consistent, but both clustering results suggested that the CDS codon usage preferences of TYR gene in Galliformes, such as Wumeng Black-bone chickens, Gallusgallus, and Coturnix japonica, were similar. Compared with Mus musculus and Escherichia coliDanio rerio was more suitable as the heterologous expression system for TYR gene in Wumeng Black-bone chickens. Conclusion There were differences in codon usage bias patterns of TYR gene in different species, and natural selection was the main influencing factor in the formation of these preferences. Danio rerio might be the genetic transformation receptor for functional analysis of TYR gene in Wumeng Black-bone chickens.

Key words: Wumeng Black-bone chickens; TYR gene; codon usage bias; molecular evolution; heterologous expression

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