月桂酸甘油酯对奶牛体外瘤胃发酵参数和甲烷产量的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.12.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】月桂酸甘油酯(glycerol monolaurate，GML)是月桂酸与甘油经酯化反应形成的单酯类化合物，具有抑菌活性，可作为提高动物饲料效率的潜在添加剂。试验旨在探究不同剂量GML对奶牛体外瘤胃发酵参数和甲烷产量的影响。【方法】采用体外发酵技术，以精粗比为4∶6的全混合饲粮(total mixed ration,TMR)为底物，设置0(对照组)、0.6%、1.2%、1.8% GML 4个添加水平，每个处理设置5个重复。于发酵0、6、12、24、48 h测定产气量，并在6、12、24、48 h采集瘤胃液和气体样品，分析产气量、气体成分比例及产量、瘤胃液发酵参数。【结果】①与对照组相比，发酵6 h时各GML试验组产气量均显著降低(P＜0.05)。发酵6和48 h时，产气量随GML添加量增加呈显著线性变化(P＜0.05)。②与对照组相比，甲烷、氢气、二氧化碳的比例在不同时间点均未受GML添加的影响(P＞0.05)；发酵6 h时，0.6%和1.2% GML组甲烷产量显著降低(P＜0.05)。发酵6 h时甲烷、氢气、二氧化碳产量及发酵48 h时二氧化碳产气量随GML添加量增加呈显著二次变化(P＜0.05)。③与对照组相比，不同时间点各GML试验组瘤胃液中总挥发性脂肪酸酸(TVFA)、乙酸、丙酸的比例及乙丙比均无显著变化(P＞0.05)。发酵6 h时，丁酸比例随GML添加量呈现显著二次变化(P＜0.05)。④与对照组相比，发酵6 h时，1.2% GML组的氨态氮(NH₃-N)浓度显著升高(P＜0.05)；发酵12 h时，1.2% GML组的NH₃-N浓度显著降低(P＜0.05)，而1.8% GML组的NH₃-N浓度则显著升高(P＜0.05)；发酵24 h时，各GML试验组的NH₃-N浓度均显著升高(P＜0.05)。各时间点各处理组间pH差异均不显著(P＞0.05)。发酵12 h时，NH₃-N浓度随GML添加量呈显著二次变化(P＜0.05)。【结论】在本试验条件下，添加0.6% GML可在发酵6～12 h显著降低产气量、甲烷产量和NH₃-N浓度，而对VFA组成和pH无显著影响，表明GML在合理添加水平下具备调控瘤胃发酵过程和抑制甲烷生成的应用潜力，为开发新型瘤胃甲烷减排添加剂提供理论依据。

关键词: 奶牛; 月桂酸甘油酯; 瘤胃; 体外发酵; 甲烷减排

Abstract: 【Objective】 Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a monoglyceride formed by esterification of lauric acid and glycerol.It possesses antimicrobial activity and haspotential as a feed additive to improve animal feed efficiency.This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dosages of GML on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters and methane production in dairy cows. 【Method】 An in vitro fermentation technique was employed using a total mixed ration (TMR) with a concentrate-to-forage ratio of 4∶6 as the substrate.Four GML supplementation levels (0 (control group),0.6%,1.2%,and 1.8%) were tested,with five replicates per treatment.The gas production was measured at 0,6,12,24 and 48 h of fermentation.Rumen fluid and gas samples was collected at 6,12,24 and 48 h for analysis gas production,gas component proportions and yields,and rumen fluid fermentation parameters. 【Result】 ①Compared with control group,the gas production in all GML-supplemented groups at 6 h of fermentation was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).The gas production at 6 and 48 h of fermentation showed a significant linear change with the increase in GML addition (P＜0.05).②Compared with control group,the proportions of methane,hydrogen and carbon dioxide were not affected by GML addition at any time point (P＞0.05).The methane yield in 0.6% and 1.2% GML groups at 6 h of fermentation was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Regarding gas yields,methane,hydrogen and carbon dioxide at 6 h of fermentation,and carbon dioxide yield at 48 h of fermentation,showed a significant quadratic change with the increase in GML addition (P＜0.05).③Compared with control group,the proportions of total volatile fatty acid (TVFA),acetic acid and propionic acid and A/P in rumen fluid of all GML-supplemented groups showed no significant difference at different time points (P＞0.05).The proportion of butyric acid at 6 h of fermentation exhibited a significant quadratic change (P＜0.05).④Compared with control group,the ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentration at 6 h of fermentation in 1.2% GML group was significantly increased (P＜0.05).The NH₃-N concentration at 12 h of fermentation in 1.2% GML group was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),while in 1.8% GML group was significantly increased (P＜0.05).The NH₃-N concentration at 24 h of fermentation in all GML-supplemented group was significantly increased (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference of pH among all groups at any time point (P＞0.05).The NH₃-N concentration at 12 h of fermentation exhibited a significant quadratic change (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this study,supplementation with 0.6% GML significantly reduced cumulative gas production,methane yield,and NH₃-N concentration during 6-12 h of fermentation,without significantly affecting VFA composition and pH,indicating that GML had the potential to modulate rumen fermentation processes and inhibit methane production at appropriate supplementation level,providing a theoretical basis for the development of novel rumen methane-reducing additives.

Key words: dairy cows; glycerol monolaurate; rumen; in vitro fermentation; methane emission reduction

中图分类号:

S816.7

王晓涵, 吴慧光, 任立敬, 萨吉代姆·玉苏甫江, 林淼, 赵静雯. 月桂酸甘油酯对奶牛体外瘤胃发酵参数和甲烷产量的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(12): 5549-5559.

WANG Xiaohan, WU Huiguang, REN Lijing, SAJIDAIMU Yusupujiang, LIN Miao, ZHAO Jingwen. Effects of Glycerol Monolaurate on in vitro Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Methane Production in Dairy Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(12): 5549-5559.

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