宏基因组分箱技术及其在猪肠道微生物组研究中的应用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.10.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着宏基因组学的快速发展，分箱(binning)技术逐渐成为量化微生物群落的重要工具。该技术基于同一微生物序列的共性特征，通过聚类算法将高通量测序数据中不同微生物的基因组分离，从而用于单菌基因组组装及物种关联分析等。由于分箱技术能够提供菌株水平的高分辨率物种注释，已逐步取代了传统的无组装(assemble-free)宏基因组分析方法。目前分箱技术逐渐被应用于畜牧兽医领域，尤其是在研究动物肠道微生物群落的构成及其变化方面。由于猪是最重要的畜牧经济动物之一，肠道微生物对其营养健康、防病及免疫能力等方面有显著的影响，笔者介绍了宏基因组分箱技术在猪肠道微生物组中应用的研究进展，包括推动猪肠道微生物组参考目录构建和捕捉品种、生长阶段、饮食和环境因素引起的猪肠道微生物群落变化方面的贡献，即提升了对猪肠道微生物结构和功能的认知，也为未来畜牧行业的微生物群落研究提供了技术参考和理论支持。

关键词: 分箱技术; 宏基因组; 猪; 肠道微生物

Abstract: With the rapid development of metagenomics,binning technology has gradually become an indispensable tool for quantifying microbial communities.This technology clusters sequences from the same microorganism based on shared features using clustering algorithms,thereby separating the genomes of different microorganisms in high-throughput sequencing data,enabing single-strain genome reconstruction and species-specific association analysis.Due to its ability to provide high-resolution species annotation at the strain level,binning technology is gradually replacing traditional assemble-free metagenomic analysis methods.Currently,binning technology has been increasingly applied in veterinary and animal science,particularly in studies of the composition and dynamics of gut microbiota.As pigs are one of the most economically important livestock animals,and their gut microbiota significantly influences nutrition,health,disease resistance,and immune capacity,the authors introduce recent advances in the application of metagenomic binning technology in pig gut microbiome research,including its contributions to constructing reference catalogs for the pig gut microbiome and capturing microbial community shifts driven by breed,growth stage,diet,and environmental factors.These advancements not only enhance our understanding of the composition and function of the pig gut microbiota but also provide valuable technical references and theoretical support for future microbiome research in the livestock industry.

Key words: binning; metagenomic; pig; gut microbiota

中图分类号:

S828.9

赵瑾, 贺兆源, 蒙淑玲, 罗广文, 陈海兰, 贾耿介. 宏基因组分箱技术及其在猪肠道微生物组研究中的应用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(10): 4717-4724.

ZHAO Jin, HE Zhaoyuan, MENG Shuling, LUO Guangwen, CHEN Hailan, JIA Gengjie. Study Progress on the Application of Metagenomic Binning Technology in the Pig Gut Microbiome[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(10): 4717-4724.

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