China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 892-902.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.02.034
• Genetics and Breeding • Previous Articles Next Articles
SUN Xinming(
), CHEN Zuhong, FU Shixiong, YE Fang
Received:2025-06-26
Online:2026-02-20
Published:2026-01-27
Contact:
SUN Xinming
E-mail:18083322086@163.com
CLC Number:
SUN Xinming, CHEN Zuhong, FU Shixiong, YE Fang. Study on the Influencing Factors of Estrus Synchronization Effect in Guanling Cattle[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(2): 892-902.
Table 1
Evaluation standard of fatness grade of cows"
母牛膘情等级评定标准 Evaluation standard of fatness grade of cows | 特征描述 Feature description | ||
|---|---|---|---|
外观表现 Appearance performance | 触摸感受 Touch feeling | 肋部与背部状态 Rib and back status | |
1等(极度消瘦) First grade (extremely slim) | 轮廓明显,肩骨、髋骨、肋骨突出,皮肤无弹性且粗糙 | 触摸硌手,无脂肪覆盖,骨骼棱角清晰 | 肋骨明显;背部脊椎骨突出呈 “锯齿状” |
2等(膘情偏瘦) The second grade (lean fatness) | 轮廓可见,髋骨、肋骨易辨,皮肤弹性较差 | 能明显触摸到骨骼,脂肪覆盖量少,肌肉显单薄 | 肋骨清晰可数,背部脊椎骨突出明显 |
3等(膘情适中) The third grade (moderate fatness) | 轮廓不明显,髋骨、肋骨被适度脂肪覆盖,皮肤光滑紧致 | 触摸时骨骼感不突出,脂肪覆盖均匀,肌肉结实 | 不易看清单根肋骨;背部平整,脊椎骨不明显 |
4等(膘情偏上) The forth grade (upper fatness) | 体型丰满,髋部、背部脂肪堆积明显 | 触摸时脂肪层厚实,骨骼难以触及,触感柔软 | 完全看不到肋骨;背部脂肪厚实 |
5等(膘情过肥) The fifth grade (over fat condition) | 体型臃肿,颈部、肩部、腹部脂肪下垂,行动迟缓 | 触摸时全是松软厚实脂肪,无骨骼感,肌肉被大量脂肪覆盖 | 肋骨完全被脂肪掩盖,背部脂肪形成明显“脂肪垫” |
Table 2
Estrus synchronization treatment program for Guanling cattle"
组别 Groups | 同期发情处理日程安排 Schedule of estrus synchronization processing | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
发情周期的任意1 d(0 d) Day 0 | 第10天 Day 10 | 第11~14天 Days 11-14 | 第12~15天 Days 12-15 | |
试验1组 Group 1 | 放入CIDR | 撤掉CIDR,注射PGF2α | 观察发情,B超检测卵巢卵泡 | 于发情开始后10 h进行人工输精配种 |
试验2组 Group 2 | 第一次注射PGF2α | 第二次注射PGF2α | 观察发情,B超检测卵巢卵泡 | 于发情开始后10 h进行人工输精配种 |
Table 3
Estrus identification standard for cows"
发情鉴定标准 Estrus identification standards | 发情阶段 Estrus stages | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
未发情 Not estrus | 发情初期 Early estrus | 发情盛期 Peak estrus | 发情末期 Late estrus | |
外阴部情况 Vulvar condition | 外阴部无明显肿胀,闭合紧密 | 外阴部轻微肿胀,闭合不紧密,弹性略减 | 外阴部显著肿胀,外阴口明显松弛张开 | 外阴部略微皱褶,基本同发情初期 |
阴道黏膜颜色 Colour of vaginal mucosa | 苍白 | 淡红 | 潮红 | 紫红 |
阴道分泌物情况 The status of vaginal secretions | 干涩、无分泌物 | 少量清亮稀薄分泌物 | 大量黏稠分泌物,呈“吊线”状 | 少量混浊分泌物,混有少量血液 |
行为、嗅闻及爬跨情况 Sniffing and climbing situations | 安静、无嗅闻或爬跨其他牛现象 | 哞叫、嗅闻或爬跨其他牛,但不接受爬跨 | 躁动不安、哞叫、嗅闻或爬跨其他牛,并接受其他牛爬跨 | 对其他牛爬跨呈“欲拒还迎”状态 |
直肠内触摸或B超检查卵巢卵泡情况 Ovarian follicles after examination by rectum or B-ultrasound | 卵巢上无可见卵泡 | 卵泡直径5~7.5 mm,卵泡波动不明显 | 卵泡直径9~15 mm,卵泡波动明显 | 卵泡直径9~15 mm,有一触即破之感 |
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