China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 402-417.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.036
• Preventive Veterinary Medicine • Previous Articles Next Articles
HE Qin1,2(
), LIU Xinbo1,2(
), ZHEN Jie1,2, FENG Qi1,2, YI Pengfei1,2, MA Yingcai1,2, LI Na1,2, WANG Xihu3, ZHONG Qi4, YAO Gang1,2, CHEN Rulong5(
), MA Xuelian1,2(
)
Online:2026-01-05
Published:2025-12-26
Contact:
CHEN Rulong, MA Xuelian
E-mail:18139082832@163.com;ventoliu@foxmail.com;1090933404@qq.com;13699381790@163.com
CLC Number:
HE Qin, LIU Xinbo, ZHEN Jie, FENG Qi, YI Pengfei, MA Yingcai, LI Na, WANG Xihu, ZHONG Qi, YAO Gang, CHEN Rulong, MA Xuelian. Epidemiological Survey of the Main Viral Pathogens of Bovine Respiratory Disease Syndrome in Xinjiang[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(1): 402-417.
Table 2
Primer information"
病毒 Viruses | 靶基因 Target genes | 引物序列 Primer sequences(5′→3′) | 产物长度 Product length/bp | 退火温度 Annealing temperature/℃ | GenBank登录号 GenBank accession No. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IBRV | gB | F:CTCTACCGCACGGGCACCT | 360 | 58 | MK654723.1 |
| R:GCGGCTCTCGTCTCGCA | |||||
| BAV-3 | HEXON | F:TGCTTCTTGCAAACACGACG | 827 | 55 | NC_001876.1 |
| R:CATGTTAGCCGCCGAGAGAT | |||||
| BCoV | N | F:TGTACCCTACTATTCTTGGTTCTCTG | 596 | 55 | MW711287.1 |
| R:TCTGCTTAGTTACTTGCTGTGGC | |||||
| BRAV | VP2 | F:ATTACCAGCATCTTTACGCAA | 411 | 55 | MZ004695.1 |
| R:TCACCCACCACTCTAACATCTAT | |||||
| BRBV | 3D | F:ACACATTATCTTTTCCCGCAA | 334 | 55 | EU236594.1 |
| R:AGAAGGCAGACCACCGTCTAT | |||||
| BVDV | 5′-UTR | F:AGTCGTCAGTGGTTCGAC | 201 | 47 | KF501393 |
| R:TCCATGTGCCATGTACA | |||||
| BPIV-3 | HN | F:CGATGTCTTCAATCCCTGTT | 409 | 55 | KT071671.1 |
| R:CCTGACAAATTCTGGAGATGTAC |
Table 3
PCR reaction procedure"
病毒 Viruses | 预变性 Predenaturation | 循环参数 Cycle parameters | 循环数 Number of cycles/个 | 终延伸 Final extension |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IBRV | 95 ℃ 5 min | 94 ℃ 30 s,58 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 30 s | 35 | 72 ℃ 10 min |
| BAV-3 | 95 ℃ 5 min | 94 ℃ 30 s,60 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 40 s | 35 | 72 ℃ 5 min |
| BCoV | 95 ℃ 5 min | 94 ℃ 30 s,55 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 30 s | 35 | 72 ℃ 8 min |
| BRAV | 95 ℃ 5 min | 94 ℃ 30 s,55 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 30 s | 35 | 72 ℃ 8 min |
| BRBV | 95 ℃ 5 min | 94 ℃ 30 s,55 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 30 s | 35 | 72 ℃ 8 min |
| BVDV | 95 ℃ 4 min | 94 ℃ 30 s,47 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 30 s | 35 | 72 ℃ 10 min |
| BPIV-3 | 95 ℃ 5 min | 94 ℃ 30 s,60 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 40 s | 35 | 72 ℃ 5 min |
Fig.1
Some PCR detection results of the 7 viral pathogensM, DL2000 DNA Marker; P, Positive control; N, Negative control; 1-5, 6-12, 13-17, 18-23, 24-29, 30-33 and 34-38, Amplification products of samples IBRV gB gene, BVDV 5'-UTR, BPIV-3 HN gene, BCoV N gene, BRBV 3D gene, BRAV VP2 gene and BAV-3 HEXON gene, respectively"
Table 4
Detection rate of mixed infection with viral pathogens"
混合感染 Mixed infection | 检出病毒 Detected viruses | 检出率 Detection rates (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
二重感染 Double infection | BAV-3+BCoV | 1.8(0.91,3.4) |
| IBRV+BPIV-3 | 1.6(0.78,3.1) | |
| BRBV+BVDV | 1.6(0.78,3.1) | |
| BCoV+BRBV | 1.4(0.72,3.2) | |
| BCoV+BRAV | 0.9(0.67,2.9) | |
| BPIV-3+BVDV | 0.7(0.23,1.9) | |
| IBRV+BVDV | 0.7(0.23,1.9) | |
| IBRV+BAV-3 | 0.7(0.23,1.9) | |
| BRAV+BPIV-3 | 0.7(0.23,1.9) | |
| BRAV+BRBV | 0.5(0.14,1.7) | |
| IBRV+BRAV | 0.5(0.14,1.7) | |
| IBRV+BRBV | 0.5(0.14,1.7) | |
| BAV-3+BRBV | 0.4(0.06,1.4) | |
| BCoV+BPIV-3 | 0.4(0.06,1.4) | |
| BAV-3+BPIV-3 | 0.4(0.06,1.4) | |
| BCoV+BVDV | 0.4(0.06,1.4) | |
| BCoV+IBRV | 0.2(0.01,1.2) | |
三重感染 Triple infection | IBRV+BPIV-3+BVDV | 0.5(0.14,1.7) |
| IBRV+BCoV+BPIV-3 | 0.4(0.06,1.4) | |
| BCoV+BPIV-3+BVDV | 0.4(0.06,1.4) | |
| IBRV+BRAV+BPIV-3 | 0.4(0.06,1.4) | |
| IBRV+BCoV+BVDV | 0.4(0.06,1.4) | |
| BRAV+BPIV-3+BVDV | 0.4(0.06,1.4) | |
| IBRV+BAV-3+BRBV | 0.2(0.01,1.2) | |
| BCoV+BRAV+BRBV | 0.2(0.01,1.2) | |
| BCoV+BRAV+BPIV-3 | 0.2(0.01,1.2) | |
| BRAV+BRBV+BPIV-3 | 0.2(0.01,1.2) | |
| IBRV+BCoV+BRBV | 0.2(0.01,1.2) | |
| BAV-3+BPIV-3+BVDV | 0.2(0.01,1.2) | |
四重感染 Quadruple infection | IBRV+BRAV+BRBV+BPIV-3 | 0.4(0.06,1.4) |
| BCoV+BRAV+BRBV+BPIV-3 | 0.2(0.01,1.2) | |
五重感染 Quintuple infection | IBRV+BAV-3+BCoV+BRAV+BPIV-3 | 0.2(0.01,1.2) |
| IBRV+BCoV+BRAV+BRBV+BPIV-3 | 0.2(0.01,1.2) | |
| IBRV+BCoV+BRBV+BPIV-3+BVDV | 0.2(0.01,1.2) |
Table 5
MCA results of the positive detection rates of each pathogen in different seasons"
维度 Dimension | 奇异值 Singular value | 惯量 Inertness | 惯量比例Proportion of inertia/% | 累积惯量比 Cumulative inertia ratio/% | 标准差 Standard deviation | 卡方统计量 Chi-square statistics | 显著性 Conspicuousness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.583 | 0.340 | 52.0 | 52.0 | 0.038 | 269.027 | <0.01a |
| 2 | 0.521 | 0.271 | 41.6 | 93.6 | 0.037 | ||
| 3 | 0.204 | 0.042 | 6.4 | 100 | — | ||
| 总计Total | — | 0.653 | 100 | — | — |
Table 6
Investigation results of mixed infection of 7 viral pathogens in different seasons"
混合感染 Mixed infection | 春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | 冬季 Winter | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
检出病毒 Detected viruses | 检出率 Detection rates (95% CI) | 检出病毒 Detected viruses | 检出率 Detection rates (95% CI) | 检出病毒 Detected viruses | 检出率Detection rates (95% CI) | 检出病毒 Detected viruses | 检出率 Detection rates (95% CI) | |
二重感染 Double infection | BAV-3+BCoV | 3.3(1.6,6.3) | BRBV+BVDV | 6.3(3.1,1.9) | IBRV+BPIV-3 | 8.8(3.9,17.8) | BPIV-3+BVDV | 4.8(1.3,14.4) |
| BCoV+BRBV | 1.8(0.7,4.4) | BCoV+BRAV | 2.8(0.9,7.4) | IBRV+BVDV | 3.8(1.0,11.3) | BCoV+BPIV-3 | 3.2(0.6,12.2) | |
| BAV-3+BRBV | 0.7(0.1,2.9) | BRAV+BRBV | 2.1(0.5,6.4) | BRAV+BPIV-3 | 3.8(1.0,11.3) | IBRV+BPIV-3 | 3.2(0.6,12.2) | |
| IBRV+BAV-3 | 0.7(0.1,2.9) | BCoV+BVDV | 1.4(0.2,5.4) | IBRV+BRAV | 3.8(1.0,11.3) | IBRV+BAV-3 | 3.2(0.6,12.2) | |
| BCoV+BRAV | 0.40.02,2.3) | BCoV+BRBV | 0.70.04,4.4) | IBRV+BRBV | 3.8(1.0,11.3) | BRAV+BPIV-3 | 1.6(0.08,9.8) | |
| BPIV-3+BVDV | 0.70.04,4.4) | BCoV+BRBV | 2.5(0.4,9.6) | BAV-3+BPIV-3 | 1.6(0.08,9.8) | |||
| BAV-3+BPIV-3 | 1.3(0.07,7.7) | IBRV+BVDV | 1.6(0.08,9.8) | |||||
| IBRV+BCoV | 1.6(0.08,9.8) | |||||||
| BAV-3+BCoV | 1.6(0.08,9.8) | |||||||
三重感染 Triple infection | IBRV+BAV-3+BRBV | 0.40.02,2.3) | BCoV+BRAV+BRBV | 0.70.04,4.4) | IBRV+BRAV+PIV-3 | 2.5(0.4,9.6) | IBRV+BPIV-3+BVDV | 4.8(1.3,14.4) |
| IBRV+BCoV+BVDV | 2.5(0.4,9.6) | IBRV+BCoV+BPIV-3 | 3.2(0.6,12.2) | |||||
| BCoV+BRAV+PIV-3 | 1.3(0.07,7.7) | BCoV+BPIV-3+BVDV | 3.2(0.6,12.2) | |||||
| IBRV+BCoV+BRBV | 1.3(0.07,7.7) | BRAV+BPIV-3+BVDV | 3.2(0.6,12.2) | |||||
| BRAV+BRBV+BPIV-3 | 1.3(0.07,7.7) | BAV-3+BPIV-3+BVDV | 1.6(0.08,9.8) | |||||
四重感染 Quadruple infection | IBRV+BRAV+BRBV+BPIV-3 | 1.3(0.07,7.7) | ||||||
| BCoV+BRAV+BRBV+BPIV-3 | 1.3(0.07,7.7) | |||||||
| IBRV+BRAV+BRBV+BPIV-3 | 1.3(0.07,7.7) | |||||||
五重感染 Quintuple infection | IBRV+BAV-3+BCoV+BRAV+BPIV-3 | 1.3(0.07,7.7) | IBRV+BCoV+BRBV+BPIV-3+BVDV | 1.6(0.08,9.8) | ||||
| IBRV+BCoV+BRAV+BRBV+BPIV-3 | 1.3(0.07,7.7) | |||||||
Table 8
Investigation results of each pathogen in different breeds of cattle"
品种 Varieties | 样品数 Number of samples/份 | 检出率Detection rates (95% CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IBRV | BAV-3 | BCoV | BRAV | BRBV | BPIV-3 | BVDV | ||
肉牛 Beef cattle | 388 | 7.7B (5.4,11.0) | 7.5 (5.1,10.8) | 9.3b (6.7,12.7) | 6.7 (4.5,9.8) | 9.0 (6.5,12.4) | 5.7B (3.7,8.6) | 12.9 (9.8,16.7) |
奶牛 Dairy cow | 173 | 29.5A (22.9,37.0) | 5.8 (3.0,10.7) | 15.6a (10.7,22.1) | 9.2 (5.6,14.8) | 8.7 (5.1,14.2) | 24.3A (18.2,31.5) | 13.3 (8.8,19.5) |
Table 9
Investigation results of mixed infection of 7 viral pathogens in different breeds of cattle"
混合感染 Mixed infection | 肉牛Beef cattle | 奶牛Dairy cow | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
检出病毒 Detected viruses | 检出率 Detection rates (95% CI) | 检出病毒 Detected viruses | 检出率 Detection rates (95% CI) | |
二重感染 Double infection | BAV-3+BCoV | 2.6(1.3,4.9) | IBRV+BPIV-3 | 3.5(1.4,7.7) |
| BRBV+BVDV | 2.3(1.1,4.5) | IBRV+BVDV | 2.3(0.7,6.2) | |
| BCoV+BRAV | 1.3(0.5,3.2) | BRAV+BPIV-3 | 2.3(0.7,6.2) | |
| BCoV+BRBV | 1.3(0.5,3.2) | BPIV-3+BVDV | 1.7(0.5,5.4) | |
| BRAV+BRBV | 0.8(0.2,2.4) | BCoV+BRBV | 1.7(0.5,5.4) | |
| IBRV+BPIV-3 | 0.8(0.2,2.4) | IBRV+BAV-3 | 1.2(0.2,4.6) | |
| BAV-3+BRBV | 0.5(0.09,2.1) | BCoV+BPIV-3 | 1.2(0.2,4.6) | |
| IBRV+BRAV | 0.5(0.09,2.1) | BAV-3+BPIV-3 | 0.6(0.03,3.7) | |
| IBRV+BRBV | 0.5(0.09,2.1) | |||
| BCoV+BVDV | 0.5(0.09,2.1) | IBRV+BRBV | 0.6(0.03,3.7) | |
| IBRV+BAV-3 | 0.5(0.09,2.1) | IBRV+BRAV | 0.6(0.03,3.7) | |
| BAV-3+BPIV-3 | 0.3(0.01,1.7) | |||
| IBRV+BCoV | 0.3(0.01,1.7) | |||
| BPIV-3+BVDV | 0.3(0.01,1.7) | |||
三重感染 Triple infection | BCoV+BRAV+BRBV | 0.3(0.01,1.7) | IBRV+BCoV+BPIV-3 | 1.2(0.2,4.6) |
| IBRV+BPIV-3+BVDV | 0.3(0.01,1.7) | BCoV+BPIV-3+BVDV | 1.2(0.2,4.6) | |
| IBRV+BPIV-3+BVDV | 1.2(0.2,4.6) | |||
| IBRV+BRAV+BPIV-3 | 1.2(0.2,4.6) | |||
| IBRV+BCoV+BVDV | 1.2(0.2,4.6) | |||
| BRAV+BPIV-3+BVDV | 1.2(0.2,4.6) | |||
| IBRV+BAV-3+BRBV | 0.6(0.03,3.7) | |||
| IBRV+BCoV+BRBV | 0.6(0.03,3.7) | |||
| BCoV+BRAV+BPIV-3 | 0.6(0.03,3.7) | |||
| BRAV+BRBV+BPIV-3 | 0.6(0.03,3.7) | |||
| BAV-3+BPIV-3+BVDV | 0.6(0.03,3.7) | |||
四重感染 Quadruple infection | IBRV+BRAV+BRBV+BPIV-3 | 0.6(0.03,3.7) | ||
| BCoV+BRAV+BRBV+BPIV-3 | 0.6(0.03,3.7) | |||
| IBRV+BRAV+BRBV+BPIV-3 | 0.6(0.03,3.7) | |||
五重感染 Quintuple infection | IBRV+BAV-3+BCoV+BRAV+BPIV-3 | 0.6(0.03,3.7) | ||
| IBRV+BCoV+BRAV+BRBV+BPIV-3 | 0.6(0.03,3.7) | |||
| IBRV+BCoV+BRBV+BPIV-3+BVDV | 0.6(0.03,3.7) | |||
| [1] | BUHMAN M J, PERINO L J, GALYEAN M L, et al. Association between changes in eating and drinking behaviors and respiratory tract disease in newly arrived calves at a feedlot[J]. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2000,61(10):1163-1168. |
| [2] | SHOEMAKE B M, VANDER L B, NEWCOMER B W, et al. Efficacy of oral administration of sodium iodide to prevent bovine respiratory disease complex[J]. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2018,32(1):516-524. |
| [3] | ZHOU Y, CHEN X, TANG C, et al. Detection and genomic characterization of Bovine rhinitis virus in China[J]. Animals, 2023,13(2):312. |
| [4] | 张 闫.牛病毒性呼吸道病多重PCR方法的建立及IBRV基因序列分析[D].秦皇岛:河北科技师范学院,2023. |
| ZHANG Y. Establishment of a multiplex PCR methodfor bovine viral respiratory disease and analysis of IBRV gene sequences[D]. Qinhuangdao: Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, 2023.(in Chinese) | |
| [5] | 赵苏苏,刘玉梅,关平原,等.2023年牛呼吸系统疾病综合征病原检测分析[J/OL].中国动物传染病学报,1-8[2025-08-30].. |
| ZHAO S S, LIU Y M, GUAN P Y, et al. Pathogen detection and analysis of bovine respiratory disease complex in 2023[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Animal Infectious Diseases, 1-8[2025-02-27]. . (in Chinese) | |
| [6] | 王晨豫.新疆16个规模化牧场奶牛BVD、IBR的调查及防控[D].石河子:石河子大学,2022. |
| WANG C Y. Investigation and prevention and control of BVD and IBR in dairy cows from 16 large-scale pastures in Xinjiang[D]. Shihezi:Shihezi University, 2022.(in Chinese) | |
| [7] | 易鹏飞,马雪连,孙亚伟,等.新疆南疆安格斯牛繁育场犊牛呼吸道病毒病病原调查[J].中国兽医学报,2023,43(1):72-78. |
| YI P F, MA X L, SUN Y W, et al. Investigation on pathogen of calf respiratory virus disease in Angus cattle breeding farm in Southern Xinjiang[J]. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science, 2023,43(1):72-78.(in Chinese) | |
| [8] | 张盼灵.中国北方部分地区牛呼吸道疾病综合征检测及BPIV3病毒分离鉴定[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2024. |
| ZHANG P L. Detection of bovine respiratory disease complex and isolation and identification of BPIV3 virus in parts of Northern China[D]. Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2024.(in Chinese) | |
| [9] | 王秀东,李 娜.黑龙江齐齐哈尔地区牛呼吸道疾病综合征重要病原体流行病学调查[J].养殖与饲料,2025,24(1):46-51. |
| WANG X D, LI N. Epidemiological investigation of important pathogens of bovine respiratory disease syndrome in Qiqihar, Heilongjiang province[J]. Animal Breeding and Feed, 2025,24(1):46-51.(in Chinese) | |
| [10] | 史晋成.新疆某大型肉牛场牛呼吸道疾病综合征病原流行病学调查及防控[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2023. |
| SHI J C. Etiological epidemiological investigation, prevention and control of bovine respiratory disease complex in a large beef farm in Xinjiang[D]. Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2023.(in Chinese) | |
| [11] | 闫 港,张召兴,王利冉,等.承德地区肉牛呼吸道综合征主要病毒性病原流行病学调查与分析[J].现代畜牧科技,2025,4:44-46. |
| YAN G, ZHANG Z X, WANG L R, et al. Epidemiological investigation and analysis of the main viral pathogens causing respiratory syndrome in beef cattle in Chengde area[J]. Modern Animal Husbandry Science & Technology, 2025,4:44-46.(in Chinese) | |
| [12] | 马成松.牛呼吸道疾病综合征的防治[J].畜禽业,2023,34(9):87-89. |
| MA C S. Prevention and control of bovine respiratory disease syndrome[J]. Livestock and Poultry Industry, 2023,34(9):87-89.(in Chinese) | |
| [13] | 吴 静,史晋成,萨妮耶·库尔班,等.新疆喀什地区安格斯犊牛腹泻主要病毒性病原调查及牛诺如病毒全基因序列分析[J].中国畜牧兽医,2022,49(11):4420-4428. |
| WU J, SHI J C, SAINIYE K R B, et al.Investigation of the main viral pathogens of Angus calf diarrhea in Kashgar region of Xinjiang and whole gene sequence analysis of Bovine norovirus[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2022,49(11):4420-4428.(in Chinese) | |
| [14] | DIAS J A, ALFIERI A A, FERREIRA-NETO J S, et al. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection in cattle herds in the state of Parana, Brazil[J]. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2013,60(1):39-47 |
| [15] | MEYER A L, PETROVSKIS E A, DUFFUS W P H, et al. Cloning and sequence of an infectious Bovine rhinotracheitis virus (BHV-1) gene homologous to glycoprotein H of Herpes simplex virus[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1991,10902:267-269. |
| [16] | 宋 健. 新疆某规模化牛场牛传染性鼻气管炎与肠球菌脑膜炎的诊断与防控[D].石河子:石河子大学, 2017. |
| SONG J. A scalized cow ranch in Xinjiang infectious bovine rhinotracheitis secondary to Enterococcus meningitis diagnosis and prevention[D]. Shihezi:Shihezi University, 2017.(in Chinese) | |
| [17] | 王 凡,马雪连,孙亚伟,等.新疆南疆地区部分集约化肉牛繁育场主要临床病症和生物安全调查[J].中国动物检疫,2022,39(7):22-28. |
| WANG F, MA X L, SUN Y W, et al. Investigation on major clinical symptoms and biosafety in some intensive beef cattle farms in Southern Xinjiang[J]. China Animal Health Inspection, 2022,39(7):22-28.(in Chinese) | |
| [18] | 袁晓娟,吴冬梅,金 鸿,等.4种呼吸道疫病血清学调查分析——以凯里市A奶牛场为例[J].中国乳业,2023,2:79-82. |
| YUAN X J, WU D M, JIN H, et al. Serological investigation and analysis of four kinds of respiratory infectious diseases—Taking a dairy farm in Kaili city as an example[J]. China Dairy, 2023, 2:79-82.(in Chinese) | |
| [19] | 刘向鹏, 宋 魁, 高永维, 等. 新疆五家渠市肉牛、杂交肉牛主要传染病血清学调查[J].中国牛业科学,2018,44(1):40-42. |
| LIU X P, SONG K, GAO Y W, et al. Serological investigation of mainly epidemic diseases of beef cattle and cross-bred beef cattle in Wujiaqu city of Xinjiang[J]. China Cattle Science, 2018,44(1):40-42.(in Chinese) | |
| [20] | NANDI S, KUMAR M, MANOHAR M, et al. Bovine herpes virus infections in cattle[J]. Animal Health Research Reviews, 2009, 10(1):85-98. |
| [21] | 李大帅,时 坤,姚泽慧,等.牛呼吸道疾病综合征病原免疫逃避机制研究进展[J].中国预防兽医学报,2018,40(12):1192-1195. |
| LI D S, SHI K, YAO Z H,et al. Progress on immune evasion by pathogens of bovine respiratory disease complex[J]. Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2018,40(12):1192-1195.(in Chinese) | |
| [22] | 余 燕. 冬季长光周期对锦江牛脂肪组织代谢的影响及褪黑素介导机制研究[D].南京:南京农业大学, 2021. |
| YU Y. Effect of long photoperiod in winter on adipose tissue metabolism of Jinjiang cattle and the research of mechanismof melatonin mediation[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University, 2021.(in Chinese) | |
| [23] | 王玉金. 牛鼻咽病毒致病机理、临床症状和治疗方法[J].中国畜禽种业,2021,17(12):131-132. |
| WANG Y J. Bovine nasopharyngeal virus pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and treatment[J]. The Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2021,17(12):131-132.(in Chinese) | |
| [24] | ASLAN M E, AZKUR A K, GAZYAGCI S. Epidemiology and genetic characterization of BVDV, BHV-1, BHV-4, BHV-5 and Brucella spp. infections in cattle in Turkey[J]. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2015,77(11):1371-1377. |
| [25] | RYPULA K, PLONECZKA-JANECZKO K, CZOPOWICZ M, et al. Occurrence of BVDV infection and the presence of potential risk factors in dairy cattle herds in Poland[J]. Animals, 2020,10(2):230. |
| [26] | 王 旭. 新疆集约化牛场犊牛IBR、BPI3、BRS流行病学调查[D].阿拉尔:塔里木大学, 2022. |
| WANG X. Epidemiological investigation on IBR, BPI3 and BRS of calves inintensive cattle farms in Xinjiang[D]. Aral: Tarim University, 2022.(in Chinese) | |
| [27] | 赵婉玥,徐肖文,常舒舒,等.牛呼吸道疾病综合征主要病毒的流行病学调查[J].畜牧兽医学报,2025,56(3):1324-1335. |
| ZHAO W Y, XU X W, CHANG S S,et al. Epidemiologic investigation of the major viruses of the bovine respiratory disease complex[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025,56(3):1324-1335.(in Chinese) | |
| [28] | DAHL G E, TAO S, LAPORTA J. Heat stress impacts immune status in cows across the life cycle[J]. Frontiers in Veterinary Science,2020,7:116. |
| [29] | 党 娟,张 勇,周 伟,等.犊牛腹泻病的诊断及综合防治[J].四川畜牧兽医,2025,52(2):42-45. |
| DANG J, ZHANG Y, ZHOU W,et al. Diagnosis and comprehensive prevention strategies for calf diarrhea disease[J]. Sichuan Animal & Veterinary Sciences, 2025,52(2):42-45.(in Chinese) | |
| [30] | 王向云,王 军.高产奶牛犊牛的饲养管理技术[J].四川畜牧兽医,2018,45(11):38-39. |
| WANG X Y, WANG J. Rearing and nutritional management practices for high-producing dairy calves[J]. Sichuan Animal & Veterinary Sciences, 2018,45(11):38-39.(in Chinese) | |
| [31] | 刘思佳.奶牛犊牛的饲养管理技术[J].今日畜牧兽医,2024,40(4):65-67. |
| LIU S J. The feeding and management techniques for dairy calves[J]. Today Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024,40(4):65-67.(in Chinese) |
| [1] | SONG Xinghui, YANG Pengkun, DONG Xuanzhi, CHEN Gaokun, YANG Beibei, CAI Yilin, LIU Jian, LYU Huifang, ZHAO Li, ZHANG Xiaozhan. Diagnosis,Treatment and Pathogen Analysis of Mixed Infection of Riemerella anatipestifer, Escherichia coli and Duck Circovirus [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(6): 2935-2945. |
| [2] | DING Ding, DING Xiaojun, MUSA Rehman, ZHEN Jie, SALAMAITI Srajiding, LI Na, SUN Yawei, CHEN Rulong, YAO Gang, MA Xuelian. Analysis on Viral Pathogen Detection and Epidemic Characteristics of Calf Diarrhea in Some Large-scale Cattle Farms in Xinjiang [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(3): 1272-1280. |
| [3] | ZHANG Jie, JIA Xiaoye, TONG Zeyu, MA Yan, LEI Chenying, YUAN Lin, TIAN Kegong. Metagenomic Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Diarrheal Pig Herds [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(2): 512-521. |
| [4] | DOU Junfeng, WANG Zui, LI Li, LU Qin, JIN Xinxin, LING Xiaochun, LUO Qingping, ZHAI Xinguo. Identification of Subgroups A, B and J Avian Leukosis Virus Co-infection and Sequence Analysis of gp85 Gene [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(1): 302-311. |
| [5] | ZHANG Qi, CHEN Haotian, SHAN Jiabao, CHANG Rui, ZHANG Xue, WANG Yao, WANG Junwei, MA Bo. Cloning and Sequence Analysis of NS1 and VP1 Genes of Gosling Plague Virus from Jilin District [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(4): 1161-1169. |
| [6] | LIU Manman, WEN Guilan, WEN Ming, ZHANG Xiaobo, HU Xuan, SUN Yun, ZHANG Xiuli. Diagnosis and Related Gene Analysis of Co-infection of Avian Leukemia Virus Subgroup J and Enterococcus faecalis [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(12): 4671-4680. |
| [7] | WU Cuilan, PENG Hao, LI Jun, LI Changting, TAO Li, WANG Qiuhua, PAN Yan, HAN Linmei, CHEN Zexiang, ZENG Yun. Research on Etiology of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Guangxi During 2016 to 2017 [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2018, 45(12): 3535-3544. |
| [8] | MA Chun-xia, LI Jun, QIN Yong, ZHONG Shu-hong, TAO Li, PENG Hao, LAN Mei-yi, YANG Wei, CHEN Ze-xiang, HU Shuai, LI Chang-ting, ZHAO Xiao-hong. Pathogen Analysis of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2015, 42(9): 2481-2486. |
| [9] | ZHONG Xing-fu, WANG Pei-kun, YANG Yong-li, QIN Li-li, BI Yu-yu, ZOU Guang-zhen, PENG Hao, WEI Ping. Infections Investigation of ALV and REV in Guangxi Local Poultry Breeds and Sequence Analysis of gp85 Gene of ALV Isolates [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2015, 42(7): 1647-1653. |
| [10] | ZHANG Dong-chao, YANG Ning-ning, LONG Yu-qing, LI Meng, LI Xiao-hui, GONG Jian-fang, GAO Ke-ke, JIN Tian-ming. Differential Diagnosis of Avian Reovirus and Pasteurella Mixed Infection in Broiler [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2015, 42(12): 3364-3370. |
| [11] | LI Da, TANG De-yuan, ZENG Zhi-yong, WANG Hong-guang, WANG Wei-cheng, LIU Zhao. Diagnosis and Treatment of Mixed Infection of Influenza Virus, Mycoplasma and Pasteurella multocida on Gibbon in a Safari Park of Guizhou Province [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2015, 42(1): 224-229. |
| [12] | JIANG Ling-ling, SHI Kai-zhi, XU Jing-e, YU Bo, ZHOU Si-xuan, XIAO Fang-ping. Diagnosis and Treatment of Porcine Pseudorabies,Porcine Circovirus Disease Mixed Infections with Porcine Eperythrozoonosis in a Tibetan Pig [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2014, 41(10): 225-229. |
| [13] | QI Zhi-mei, ZHAO Wen-xin. Investigation on the Mixed Infection of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Pasteurella mutocida from Calves [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2013, 40(7): 175-178. |
| [14] | LIU Jian, LI Chun-yan, TANG De-yuan, LUO Xian-feng, ZENG Zhi-yong, GAN Zhen-lei, HAO Fei. Diagnosis of Mixed Infection of Classic Swine Fever (CSF) and Streptococcicosis on an Intensive Pig Farm in Guizhou Province [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2013, (5): 211-214. |
| [15] | HAN Meng-li, KANG Li-chao, ZHONG Fa-gang, HUANG Xin, TAN Peng-fei. Research Progress on Bacterial Pathogens of the Bovine Respiratory Disease [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2013, (5): 165-172. |
| Viewed | ||||||
|
Full text |
|
|||||
|
Abstract |
|
|||||