China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 402-417.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.036

• Preventive Veterinary Medicine • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Epidemiological Survey of the Main Viral Pathogens of Bovine Respiratory Disease Syndrome in Xinjiang

HE Qin1,2(), LIU Xinbo1,2(), ZHEN Jie1,2, FENG Qi1,2, YI Pengfei1,2, MA Yingcai1,2, LI Na1,2, WANG Xihu3, ZHONG Qi4, YAO Gang1,2, CHEN Rulong5(), MA Xuelian1,2()   

  1. 1.College of Veterinary Medicine,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China
    2.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals,Urumqi 830052,China
    3.Xinjiang Hutubi Breeding Cattle Farm Co. ,Ltd. ,Changji 831203,China
    4.Institute of Veterinary Medicine,Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science,Urumqi 830052,China
    5.Xinjiang Tianlai Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Group Corporation Limited,Bole 833407,China
  • Online:2026-01-05 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: CHEN Rulong, MA Xuelian E-mail:18139082832@163.com;ventoliu@foxmail.com;1090933404@qq.com;13699381790@163.com

Abstract:

Objective Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a multi-pathogen disease that can lead to high morbidity and mortality rates in cattle herds, causing severe economic losses to the cattle industry. To evaluate the viral pathogen infection in BRDC-affected cattle in Xinjiang, this study conducted viral pathogen detection on BRDC cases from six regions of Xinjiang. Method From January 2023 to December 2023, 561 nasal swabs were collected from cattle with respiratory symptoms in six regions of Xinjiang, including Yanqi, Kashgar, Changji, Bole, Ili and Aksu. PCR technology was used to detect seven common viruses causing BRDC, which were Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV), Bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAV-3), Bovine coronavirus (BCoV), Bovine rhinitis A virus (BRAV), Bovine rhinitis B virus (BRBV), Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3). The infection status of these seven pathogens in cattle of different seasons, in different regions and in different breeds was analyzed. Result The results demonstrated that all seven pathogens were detected. The detection rate was highest for IBRV at 14.4%, followed by BVDV at 13.0%, with the lowest detection rate observed for BAV-3 at 7.0%. Mixed infections were predominantly double infections (13.4%), with the main pathogens including BAV-3+BCoV (1.8%), IBRV+BPIV-3 (1.6%), and BRBV+BVDV (1.6%). Among triple infections (3.7%), the highest detection rate was observed for IBRV+BPIV-3+BVDV (0.5%). Quadruple infections (0.6%) and quintuple infections (0.6%) were also detected, such as IBRV+BRAV+BRBV+BPIV-3 (0.4%) and IBRV+BAV-3+BCoV+BRAV+BPIV-3 (0.2%). There were significant differences in virus positivity rates across seasons, with the highest detection rate of BAV-3 in spring (11.0%), BVDV in summer (34.0%), IBRV in autumn (61.3%), and BPIV-3 in winter (38.7%). Geographically, the highest detection rate of BRBV was in Yanqi (50.0%), BAV-3 in Kashgar (15.3%), IBRV in Changji and Bole (28.8% and 22.6%, respectively), BVDV in Ili (55.7%), and an equal proportion of BRBV and BPIV-3 in Aksu (35.5% each). Additionally, when categorizing the samples by cattle use into beef and dairy groups, dairy cattle were primarily infected with IBRV (29.5%), while beef cattle were mainly infected with BVDV (12.9%). Conclusion The investigation results showed that there were obvious seasonal, regional and breed differences in viral pathogen infection of BRDC in some areas of Xinjiang in 2023. This study would be helpful for formulating prevention and control strategies for BRDC in Xinjiang.

Key words: bovine respiratory disease complex; viral detection; mixed infection; epidemiological survey

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