甘草粗多糖对苜蓿青贮品质、抗氧化活性、微生物群落结构及体外瘤胃发酵参数的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.014

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Glycyrrhiza crude polysaccharides （GP） supplementation on alfalfa silage quality， antioxidant activity， microbial community structure， and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters， so as to provide theoretical and practical references for utilizing local characteristic Chinese herbal medicine active ingredients to modulate high-quality alfalfa silage and develop functional forage products. Method Alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） at the early flowering stage was used as the experimental material. The experiment was divided into 4 treatments with 4 replicates. Each treatment was supplemented with 0 （control group， CK）， 0.5% （GP1）， 1.0% （GP2）， and 1.5% （GP3）GP， respectively. After 60 days of ensiling， the nutritional composition， fermentation quality， antioxidant activity， microbial community structure， and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters of alfalfa silage were analyzed. Result Compared with CK group， ①GP supplementation significantly increased the contents of dry matter （DM）， ether extract （EE）， and total polysaccharides （TP）， the number of lactic acid bacteria （LAB）， total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） activity， and DDPH free radical scavenging rate of alfalfa silage （P<0.05）. Conversely， GP supplementation significantly reduced silage pH and yeast counts （P<0.05）. The contents of water-soluble carbohydrates （WSC） and lactic acid （LA）， and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity in GP2 and GP3 groups were significantly increased （P<0.05）. The contents of neutral detergent fiber （NDF） and propionic acid （PA） in GP3 group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. ②GP supplementation decreased the relative abundances of Cyanobacteria and unclassified_p_Cyanobacteria in alfalfa silage while increased the relative abundances of Firmicutes， Enterococcus mundtii， Pediococcus acidilactici， and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Specifically， the relative abundance of Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis in GP2 group showed a marked increase， whereas the relative abundances of Staphylococcusequorum and Staphylococcus epidermidis in GP1 and GP3 groups exhibited significant increase. Correlation analysis results revealed that the relative abundance of unclassified_p_Cyanobacteria was significantly positively correlated with pH and yeast counts （P<0.05）， while was significantly negatively correlated with LA content and LAB counts （P<0.05）. The relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum was significantly negatively correlated with yeast counts （P<0.05）. ③GP supplementation significantly increased the in vitro dry matter digestibility （IVDMD） and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility （IVNDFD） of alfalfa silage （P<0.05）. Conclusion Under the experimental conditions， GP supplementation could improve alfalfa silage quality， antioxidant activity， and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters， and enhance the abundance of beneficial bacteria. Overall， adding 1.0% GP provided the optimal improvement in alfalfa silage quality.

Key words: Glycyrrhiza crude polysaccharide; silage quality; antioxidant activity; microbial community structure; in vitro ruminal fermentation

CLC Number:

S816.71

WANG Xuao, ZHOU Xiaodong, MA Xiaojing, MA Chengyan, ZHANG Jiaqi, HUANG Shuai. Effects of Glycyrrhiza Crude Polysaccharide on Silage Quality， Antioxidant Activity， Microbial Community Structure， and in vitro Ruminal Fermentation Parameters of Alfalfa Silage[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(1): 151-164.

Figures/Tables 9

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项目 Items	含量 Contents
干物质 DM/% FM	40.02±0.13
粗蛋白质 CP/% DM	21.77±0.60
粗脂肪 EE/% DM	2.57±0.60
可溶性碳水化合物 WSC/% DM	4.23±0.12
中性洗涤纤维 NDF/% DM	41.95±1.16
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF/% DM	27.11±1.45
乳酸菌 LAB/（lg CFU/g FM）	6.14±0.11
酵母菌 Yeast/（lg CFU/g FM）	6.12±0.17
霉菌 Mold/（lg CFU/g FM）	5.11±0.12
总多糖 TP/% DM	1.09±1.41

项目 Items	组别 Groups
项目 Items	CK	GP1	GP2	GP3
干物质 DM/% FM	35.18±0.16^b	36.85±0.66^a	37.02±0.34^a	37.55±0.34^a
粗蛋白质 CP/% DM	19.24±0.75	19.43±0.25	19.79±0.52	19.96±0.33
粗脂肪 EE/% DM	2.59±0.07^c	3.97±0.40^b	4.86±0.38^a	5.28±0.10^a
可溶性碳水化合物 WSC/% DM	3.99±0.25^b	4.42±0.24^b	6.80±0.24^a	7.21±0.75^a
中性洗涤纤维 NDF/% DM	40.77±0.63^a	38.69±0.49^a	37.85±0.49^ab	37.82±0.99^b
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF/% DM	31.61±0.48	31.23±0.41	30.95±0.80	31.24±0.63

项目 Items	组别 Groups
项目 Items	CK	GP1	GP2	GP3
pH	5.33±0.04^a	5.04±0.03^b	4.96±0.01^b	5.01±0.02^b
氨态氮/总氮 NH₃-N/TN/% DM	1.73±0.23	1.55±0.14	1.52±0.10	1.58±0.09
乳酸 LA/% DM	4.10±0.17^c	6.02±0.61^bc	7.35±0.89^ab	8.32±0.71^a
乙酸 AA/% DM	0.70±0.12	0.71±0.08	0.69±0.06	0.68±0.09
丙酸 PA/% DM	0.23±0.05^a	0.17±0.01^ab	0.17±0.03^ab	0.10±0.03^b
丁酸 BA/% DM	ND	ND	ND	ND
乳酸菌 LAB/（lg CFU/g FM）	6.68±0.03^c	7.61±0.12^b	7.89±0.10^ab	8.03±0.09^a
酵母菌 Yeast/（lg CFU/g FM）	3.95±0.06^a	3.52±0.17^b	3.44±0.21^b	3.30±0.12^b
霉菌 Mold/（lg CFU/g FM）	ND	ND	ND	ND

项目 Items	组别 Groups
项目 Items	CK	GP1	GP2	GP3
DDPH自由基清除率 DDPH active radical scavenging/%	89.12±1.13^c	92 .86±0.76^ab	93.71±0.60^a	91.96±0.60^b
谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶GSH-Px/（U/g）	120.37±16.55^c	337.34±46.71^b	436.16±25.73^a	459.19±54.72^a
超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/（U/g）	96.59±2.35^b	99.65±3.72^b	125.99±11.27^a	125.47±8.69^a
总抗氧化能力T-AOC/（mmol/g）	0.34±0.04^d	0.44±0.02^c	0.54±0.04^b	0.74±0.01^a
总多糖 TP/% DM	1.04±0.04^b	1.31±0.14^a	1.47±0.14^a	1.50±0.19^a

Effects of Glycyrrhiza Crude Polysaccharide on Silage Quality， Antioxidant Activity， Microbial Community Structure， and in vitro Ruminal Fermentation Parameters of Alfalfa Silage

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