基因编辑技术及其在家禽抗病育种中的应用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.10.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基因编辑作为一种新兴的基因工程技术，可以精确地修饰生物体基因组的特定基因序列。近年来，基因编辑技术已经从第一代锌指核酸酶技术(ZFN)、第二代转录激活样效应因子核酸酶技术(TALEN)发展到目前的第三代CRISPR-Cas9技术，在作物和家畜领域得到了成功的应用。随着科学技术和家禽行业的快速发展，基因编辑技术在家禽抗病育种领域的应用成为了育种学家关注的焦点。文章系统介绍了基因编辑技术及其在家禽抗病育种中的发展和应用，简述了三代基因编辑技术的发展历程，并对其他类型的CRISPR/Cas系统进行了拓展，分析了以CRISPR-Cas9技术为代表的新型基因编辑技术在鸡、鸭等家禽抗病育种中的应用，旨在为家禽抗病育种研究与应用提供参考。尽管基因编辑技术展现出巨大潜力，但仍面临脱靶效应、递送系统安全性及公众接受度等挑战。未来，通过开发高保真Cas变体、优化递送载体(如纳米材料)及建立多基因协同编辑策略，可进一步提升技术精准性。基因编辑有望在抗病育种、药用蛋白生产等领域实现产业化突破，从而推动家禽种业自主创新与食品安全保障的双重提升。

关键词: 基因编辑; CRISPR-Cas9; 家禽; 抗病育种

Abstract: Gene editing,as an emerging genetic engineering technology,can precisely modify the specific gene sequences of an organism’s genome.In recent years,gene editing technology has evolved from the first-generation zinc finger nuclease (ZFN),the second-generation transcriptional activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN),to the current third-generation CRISPR-Cas9 technology,and has been successfully applied in the fields of crops and livestock.With the rapid development of science and technology and the poultry industry,the application of gene editing technology in the field of poultry disease-resistant breeding has become the focus of attention for breeders.This article systematically introduces gene editing technology and its development and application in poultry disease-resistant breeding,briefly describes the development process of three generations of gene editing technology,and expands other types of CRISPR/Cas systems.The application of new gene editing technologies represented by CRISPR-Cas9 technology in disease-resistant breeding of poultry such as chickens and ducks was analyzed,aiming to provide references for the research and application of disease-resistant breeding of poultry.Although gene editing technology shows great potential,it still faces challenges such as off-target effects,the safety of delivery systems and public acceptance.In the future,the precision of the technology can be further enhanced by developing high-fidelity Cas variants,optimizing delivery vectors (such as nanomaterials),and establishing multi-gene collaborative editing strategies.Gene editing technology will achieve industrial breakthroughs in areas such as disease-resistant breeding and medicinal protein production,and promote the dual improvement of independent innovation in the poultry breeding industry and food safety guarantee.

Key words: gene editing; CRISPR-Cas9; poultry; disease-resistant breeding

中图分类号:

王辰雨, 陈世豪, 毕瑜林, 陈国宏, 常国斌, 白皓. 基因编辑技术及其在家禽抗病育种中的应用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(10): 4765-4775.

WANG Chenyu, CHEN Shihao, BI Yulin, CHEN Guohong, CHANG Guobin, BAI Hao. Gene Editing Technology and Its Application in Poultry Disease-resistant Breeding[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(10): 4765-4775.

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