云南地区娟姗牛泌乳性能及其影响因素分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.08.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】娟姗牛是世界闻名的乳用牛品种，具有体型小、乳成分高、抗逆性好的特点。本研究利用建模分析影响娟姗牛泌乳性能的因素，旨在揭示云南地区娟姗牛生产性能水平及群体特征。【方法】本研究基于云南地区某规模化牧场娟姗牛生产性能测定(dairy herd improvement，DHI)记录，利用混合线性模型分析泌乳性能指标的影响因素，使用WOOD模型拟合娟姗牛的泌乳曲线并计算泌乳曲线参数。【结果】云南地区娟姗牛群体日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、体细胞评分平均值分别为26.37 kg、5.19%、3.72%、5.05%和2.84。测定季节、测定年份和泌乳阶段对日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、体细胞评分、乳尿氮含量均有显著影响(P＜0.05)，胎次对除乳脂率和乳尿氮含量外的上述泌乳性能指标均有显著影响(P＜0.05)。娟姗牛泌乳曲线的平均拟合度(R²)为0.78，WOOD模型拟合的娟姗牛305 d产奶量平均为7 997.04 kg，高峰日产奶量平均为34.30 kg，高峰日平均值为71.91 d。【结论】本研究揭示了云南地区娟姗牛的泌乳曲线及日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率等6项泌乳性能指标的群体特征，发现云南地区娟姗牛泌乳性能良好，部分非遗传因素对云南地区娟姗牛泌乳性能存在显著影响。本研究结果可为云南地区娟姗牛的饲养管理及群体遗传改良提供参考。

关键词: 娟姗牛; 生产性能; 群体特征; 影响因素; 泌乳曲线

Abstract: 【Objective】 Jersey is a worldwide famous dairy cattle breed with characteristics of small body size,high milk components and good resistance.This study analyzed the factors affecting the lactation performance of Jersey cattle,aiming to reveal the performance level and population characteristics of production performance of Jersey cattle in Yunnan. 【Method】 Based on the dairy herd improvement (DHI) records of Jersey cattle in a large-scale dairy farm in Yunnan,the influencing factors of lactation performance traits were analyzed by fitting a linear mixed model,and the lactation curve of Jersey cattle was fitted using WOOD model and the lactation curve parameters were calculated. 【Result】 The mean of daily milk yield,fat percent,protein percent,lactose percent and somatic cell score of Jersey cattle in Yunnan was 26.37 kg,5.19%,3.72%,5.05% and 2.84,respectively.The test season,test year and lactation stage had significant effects on daily milk yield,fat percent,protein percent,lactose percent,somatic cell score and milk urea nitrogen content (P＜0.05),and parity had a significant effect on the above lactation performance traits except for fat percent and milk urea nitrogen content(P＜0.05).The average degree of fitness (R²) of the lactation curve in Jersey cattle was 0.78.Based on fitting results by the WOOD model,the average 305 d milk yield of Jersey cattle was 7 997.04 kg,the average peak milk yield and peak day were 34.30 kg and 71.91 d,respectively. 【Conclusion】 This study revealed the population characteristics of lactation curve and six lactation performance traits such as daily milk yield,milk fat percent and milk protein percent,and found that Jersey cattle in Yunnan perform well and some of the non-genetic factors had significant effects on the lactation performance.The results could provide a reference for the farm management and genetic improvement of Jersey cattle in Yunnan.

Key words: Jersey cattle; production performance; population characteristic; influencing factors; lactation curve

中图分类号:

S823.9⁺1

马鑫雨, 张海亮, 王磊, 马亦珩, 杜子居, 董绍明, 巴桑普尺, 王雅春. 云南地区娟姗牛泌乳性能及其影响因素分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(8): 3683-3694.

MA Xinyu, ZHANG Hailiang, WANG Lei, MA Yiheng, DU Ziju, DONG Shaoming, BA Sangpuchi, WANG Yachun. Lactation Performance and Its Influencing Factors of Jersey Cattle in Yunnan[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(8): 3683-3694.

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