Omega-3脂肪酸对奶牛乳房炎、繁殖性能和产奶性能的调节作用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.08.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Omega-3脂肪酸是一类在自然界中广泛存在的多不饱和脂肪酸，是细胞膜的重要组成部分，主要来源于一些海洋鱼类及亚麻籽等植物种子。Omega-3脂肪酸能够改变细胞膜脂质的组成，调节类花生酸生物合成，调控基因表达和细胞信号级联，对动物机体健康产生积极影响。在奶牛饲粮中添加适量的Omega-3脂肪酸具有显著益处，可有效提高奶牛免疫力，降低乳房炎和繁殖疾病的发病率，同时提高奶牛的繁殖性能。此外，Omega-3脂肪酸还能通过优化瘤胃微生物菌群，促进营养物质的消化吸收，进而提高奶牛的产奶量和乳品质。文章综述了Omega-3脂肪酸的来源、体内转化过程，并阐明了其对奶牛机体免疫、乳房炎、繁殖性能和产奶性能的调节作用，以期为Omega-3脂肪酸作为饲粮添加剂在奶牛养殖中的研究及应用提供参考。

关键词: 奶牛; Omega-3脂肪酸; 乳房炎; 繁殖性能; 产奶性能

Abstract: Omega-3 fatty acid is a type of polyunsaturated fatty acids that are widely present in nature and an important component of cell membranes,which mainly come from some marine fish and plant seeds such as flaxseeds.Omega-3 fatty acid can change the composition of cell membrane lipids,regulate the biosynthesis of eicosanoids,control gene expression and cell signal cascades,and have a positive impact on the health of animals.Adding an appropriate amount of Omega-3 fatty acid to the diet in dairy cows has significant benefits.It can effectively enhance the immunity of dairy cows,reduce the incidence of mastitis and reproductive diseases,and improve their reproductive performance.In addition,Omega-3 fatty acid can optimize the rumen microbial flora,promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients,and thereby increase milk production and milk quality.This article reviews the sources and in vivo transformation process of Omega-3 fatty acid,and focuses on summarizing their regulatory effects on the immune system,mastitis,reproductive performance and milk production performance of dairy cows,with the aim of providing a reference for the research and application of Omega-3 fatty acids as feed additives in dairy cow farming.

Key words: dairy cows; Omega-3 fatty acid; mastitis; reproductive performance; milk production performance

中图分类号:

S816.7

王正兴, 虎喜敏, 罗仍卓么, 王兴平. Omega-3脂肪酸对奶牛乳房炎、繁殖性能和产奶性能的调节作用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(8): 3672-3682.

WANG Zhengxing, HU Ximin, LUORENG Zhuoma, WANG Xingping. Regulatory Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Mastitis, Reproductive Performance and Milk Production Performance in Dairy Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(8): 3672-3682.

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