两种免疫应激模型对肉仔鸡生长性能和肠道免疫状态影响的对比研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.09.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本研究旨在探究并比较两种不同免疫应激模型对于肉仔鸡生长性能和肠道免疫状态的影响。【方法】将270只1日龄罗斯(Ross 308)雄性雏鸡随机分为3组，分别为对照组(Con组)、球虫和产气荚膜梭菌感染组(CP组)和脂多糖攻毒组(LPS组)，每组6个重复，每个重复15只鸡。于试验第11、13天对LPS组的肉仔鸡进行LPS腹腔注射攻毒，于试验第12和16～20天分别给CP组的肉仔鸡灌胃球虫疫苗和产气荚膜梭菌以诱导坏死性肠炎模型。试验分为前期(1～21日龄)和后期(22～42日龄)两个阶段。各阶段末肉鸡称重并计算生长性能；电晕处死后测定脏器系数，取回肠肠段分析肠道组织形态和基因表达，采用流式细胞术测定回肠固有层和盲肠扁桃体免疫细胞比例，并测定回肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量。【结果】 ①22～42和1～42日龄，CP和LPS组肉仔鸡的料重比均显著高于Con组(P＜0.05)。②21日龄时，CP组肉仔鸡的肝脏指数显著高于Con组，且脾脏指数显著高于其他组(P＜0.05)。③21日龄时，与Con组相比，CP组和LPS组肉仔鸡的回肠隐窝深度显著升高，绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值显著降低，同时LPS组的绒隐比显著低于CP组(P＜0.05)。④21日龄时，LPS组肉仔鸡回肠固有层中CD4^＋T细胞数量显著下降，而Treg细胞在CP组显著增加，两种模型中单核巨噬细胞比例均显著下降(P＜0.05)。此外，LPS组盲肠扁桃体部位的Treg细胞比例显著提高，而树突状细胞比例显著降低(P＜0.05)。⑤与Con组相比，21日龄LPS组肉仔鸡回肠黏膜中sIgA含量显著升高(P＜0.05)。⑥与Con组相比，21日龄LPS组肉仔鸡回肠黏蛋白(MUC-2)、闭锁小带蛋白-1(ZO-1)、紧密连接蛋白-1(Claudin-1)、闭合蛋白(Occludin)基因的表达量均显著降低，其中LPS组的MUC-2基因表达量显著低于CP组(P＜0.05)。【结论】 LPS攻毒抑制肉仔鸡肠道先天性免疫细胞成熟，刺激sIgA分泌；球虫和CP感染促使肉仔鸡脏器肿大，肠道Treg细胞增多。两种模型对肉仔鸡生长性能和肠道免疫状态影响程度与机制各异，为防控应激危害提供理论基础。

关键词: 肉仔鸡; 免疫应激模型; 肠道免疫; 脂多糖; 产气荚膜梭菌

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to explore and compare the effects of two different immune stress models on the growth performance and intestinal immune status of broiler. 【Method】 A total of 270 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks were randomly divided into 3 groups,namely the control (Con) group,the coccidia and Clostridium perfringens (CP) infection group,and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge group,with 6 replicates in each group and 15 chicks in each replicate.On the 11th and 13th days of the experiment,broilers in LPS group were challenged by intraperitoneal injection of LPS.On the 12th day and from the 16th to 20th days of the experiment,broilers in CP group were respectively gavaged with coccidial vaccine and Clostridium perfringens to induce a necrotic enteritis model.The experiment was divided into two stages:the early stage (1-21 days of age) and the later stage (22-42 days of age).At the end of each stage,the body weight was measured and the growth performance was calculated.After being stunned and sacrificed,the organ indices were measured.Segments of the ileum were taken to analyze the intestinal tissue morphology and gene expression.Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportions of immune cells in the ileal lamina propria and cecal tonsils,and the sIgA content in the ileal mucosa was measured. 【Result】 ① From 22 to 42 days of age and from 1 to 42 days of age,the feed to gain ratios of broilers in CP and LPS groups were both significantly higher than those in control group (P＜0.05).② At 21 days of age,the liver index of broilers in CP group was significantly higher than that in Con group,and the spleen index was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P＜0.05).③ At 21 days of age,compared with Con group,the ileal crypt depth of broilers in CP and LPS groups were increased significantly,and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth were decreased significantly (P<0.05).Meanwhile,the ratio of villus to crypt in LPS group was significantly lower than that of CP group (P＜0.05).④ At 21 days of age,the number of CD4⁺ T cells in the ileal lamina propria of broilers in LPS group was decreased significantly,while the number of Treg cells in CP group was increased significantly (P＜0.05).The proportions of mononuclear macrophages in both models were decreased significantly (P＜0.05).In addition,the proportion of Treg cells in the cecal tonsils of LPS group was increased significantly,while the proportion of dendritic cells decreased significantly (P＜0.05).⑤ Compared with Con group,the sIgA content in the ileal mucosa of broilers in LPS group at 21 days of age was increased significantly (P＜0.05).⑥ Compared with Con group,the expression levels of MUC-2,ZO-1,Claudin-1,and Occludin genes in the ileum of broilers in LPS group at 21 days of age decreased significantly.Among them,the expression level of MUC-2 gene in LPS group was significantly lower than that in CP group (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 The LPS challenge suppressed intestinal innate immune cell maturation while stimulating sIgA secretion,whereas the coccidia and CP infection induced splanchnic hypertrophy and increased intestinal Treg cells.These models differentially impaired broiler growth performance and intestinal immunity through distinct mechanisms,establishing a theoretical framework for stress mitigation.

Key words: broiler chicken; immune stress model; intestinal immunity; lipopolysaccharide; Clostridium perfringens

中图分类号:

S815.5

岳圆, 马广占, 郭思言, 王建军, 黄炳舰, 路桠, 吕增鹏, 张炳坤. 两种免疫应激模型对肉仔鸡生长性能和肠道免疫状态影响的对比研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(9): 4032-4042.

YUE Yuan, MA Guangzhan, GUO Siyan, WANG Jianjun, HUANG Bingjian, LU Ya, LYU Zengpeng, ZHANG Bingkun. A Comparative Study on the Effects of Two Immune Stress Models on Growth Performance and Intestinal Immune Status of Broiler Chickens[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(9): 4032-4042.

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