基于转录组学解析围产期营养调控对牦牛母体营养代谢与繁殖的影响机制

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.07.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本研究旨在通过转录组学分析围产期牦牛营养均衡供给与早期断奶的营养调控方式对母体营养代谢和繁殖影响的相关分子机制。【方法】选取18头健康、体重(233.9±18.3)kg、2～4胎次、预产期相近的妊娠后期牦牛，随机分为放牧对照组(GF)、营养供给组(SF)、营养供给＋早期断奶组(SW)3个组(n=6)，GF、SF和SW组牦牛在产前30 d至产后90 d自然放牧，每日归牧后SF和SW组补充全混合饲粮(TMR)。GF和SF组犊牛在产后哺乳和自然断奶，而SW组犊牛在产后60 d进行早期断奶。采集GF、SF、SW组牦牛产前15 d(-15 d)，产后30 d(30 d)和90 d(90 d)的全血样本，进行转录组学分析。【结果】 ①对牦牛母体全血cDNA文库进行测序，数据过滤后，各组Q20平均值均＞95%；各组Q30平均值都＞90%，表明转录组信息质量较高。参考基因比对统计结果显示，各组平均比对率均＞70%标准，比对结果较好。②SF vs GF组在-15、30和90 d分别鉴定出884、443和354个显著差异表达基因。在90 d，SW组与GF、SF组相比分别鉴定出502和160个显著差异表达基因。③GO功能富集分析结果显示，各组在-15、30、90 d两两对比中，分别富集到生物过程(BP)、分子功能(MF)和细胞组分(CC)1 464～4 638、308～891、253～586个显著差异条目，差异表达基因主要在正向调节对营养水平的反应、固醇转运ATP酶活性、乳糜微粒、脂蛋白颗粒受体活性等与营养代谢功能相关的条目中富集。④KEGG富集分析结果表明，在-15 d，SF vs GF组差异表达基因显著富集到16个通路，其中与营养代谢、繁殖相关的通路包括：蛋白质的消化和吸收、胃酸分泌、唾液分泌以及脂肪细胞的脂肪分解调节。在30 d，SF vs GF组显著富集通路共23条，与营养代谢、繁殖相关的通路包括：松弛素信号通路、花生四烯酸代谢、卵巢类固醇生成、蛋白质的消化和吸收、脂肪细胞的脂肪分解调节、催乳素信号通路。在90 d，SF vs GF组发现17条显著富集的通路(P＜0.05)，营养代谢、繁殖相关通路包括：胰岛素分泌、精氨酸的生物合成、C5-支链二元酸代谢、胃酸分泌；SW vs GF组共发现10条显著富集的通路，营养代谢、繁殖相关的通路包括：精氨酸的生物合成、氮代谢、C5-支链二元酸代谢；SW vs SF组共有4条显著富集的通路。【结论】围产期营养均衡供给处理下，牦牛母体唾液、胃酸分泌活动增强，促进养分消化吸收，改善脂肪代谢，使体储蛋白、氨基酸的分解代谢减弱；并通过肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、前列腺素E2、松弛素、催乳素等繁殖相关激素的合成、分泌、作用通路促进牦牛母体的妊娠维持、泌乳活动以及产后繁殖系统恢复。

关键词: 围产期; 牦牛; 营养代谢; 繁殖性能; 转录组学

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to analyze the molecular mechanisms related to the effects of perinatal nutritional supplementation and early weaning on yak’s maternal nutrient metabolism and reproduction through transcriptomics. 【Method】 18 healthy late-pregnant yaks with (233.9±18.3) kg weights,2-4 litters,and similar due dates were selected and randomly divided into three groups (n=6)：graze feeding group (GF),nutritional supplementation group (SF),and nutritional supplementation and early weaning group (SW).The yaks in GF,SF,and SW groups were naturally grazed from 30 days before delivery to 90 days after delivery,and after daily grazing,the yaks in SF and SW groups were supplemented with fully mixed feed (TMR).The calves in GF and SF groups were breastfed and naturally weaned after delivery,while calves in SW group were weaned early at 60 days postpartum.Whole blood samples were collected from the yaks in GF,SF,and SW groups at 15 days before(-15 d),30 and 90 days after parturition(30 and 60 d) for transcriptomic analysis. 【Result】 ① After data filtering，the whole blood cDNA library sequencing of yak showed,the average value of each group in Q20 ＞ 95%;the average value of each group in Q30 ＞ 90%,indicating high quality of transcriptome information.The reference gene comparison statistics showed that the average mapped ratio of each group was greater than 70% standard,indicating good comparison results.② Transcriptome sequencing revealed that a total of 884,443 and 354 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in SF and GF groups at -15,30 and 90 d,respectively.Additionally,502 and 160 significantly DEGs were identified in SW group compared with the GF and SF groups at 90 d,respectively.③The GO analysis results showed that the three groups were enriched to 1 464-4 638,308-891 and 253-586 significantly different terms (P＜0.05) for biological process (BP),molecular function (MF),and cellular component (CC) in the two-by-two comparisons of -15,30 and 90 d,respectively.DEGs were mainly enriched in terms related to nutrient metabolism functions such as positive regulation of response to nutrient levels,sterol-transporting ATPase activity,chylomicron,and lipoprotein particle receptor activity.④ The KEGG enrichment analyses results showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in 16 pathways in SF group compared with GF group at -15 d.Pathways related to nutrient metabolism and reproduction included protein digestion and absorption,gastric acid secretion,salivary secretion,and regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes.At 30 d,23 pathways were significantly enriched in SF vs GF group.Pathways related to nutrient metabolism and reproduction included relaxin signaling pathway,arachidonic acid metabolism,ovarian steroidogenesis,protein digestion and absorption,regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes,and prolactin signaling pathway.At 90 d,17 significantly enriched pathways were found in SF vs GF group,included insulin secretion,arginine biosynthesis,C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism,and gastric acid secretion related to nutritional metabolism and reproduction.Additionally,10 significantly enriched pathways were found in SW vs GF group.Pathways related to nutritional metabolism and reproduction included arginine biosynthesis,nitrogen metabolism,and C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism.There was 4 significantly enriched pathways in SW vs SF group. 【Conclusion】 Nutritional supplementation treatment during the perinatal period promoted nutrient digestion and absorption,lipid metabolism,and attenuated the catabolism of protein-amino acids in body stores through the secretion of salivary and gastric acid in yak dams.It also enhanced the maintenance of pregnancy,lactation activity,and postpartum recovery through the synthesis,secretion,and action pathways of reproduction-related hormones,such as epinephrine,norepinephrine,prostaglandin E2,relaxin and prolactin.

Key words: perinatal; yak; nutritional metabolism; reproductive performance; transcriptomics

中图分类号:

S823.8⁺5

尚恺圆, 官久强, 安添午, 赵洪文, 柏琴, 张明, 吴伟生, 李华德, 沙泉, 江明锋, 张翔飞, 罗晓林. 基于转录组学解析围产期营养调控对牦牛母体营养代谢与繁殖的影响机制[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(7): 3031-3046.

SHANG Kaiyuan, GUAN Jiuqiang, AN Tianwu, ZHAO Hongwen, BAI Qin, ZHANG Ming, WU Weisheng, LI Huade, SHA Quan, JIANG Mingfeng, ZHANG Xiangfei, LUO Xiaolin. Transcriptomics-based Analysis of the Mechanisms of Perinatal Nutritional Regulation on Nutrient Metabolism and Reproduction in Yak (Bos grunniens)[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(7): 3031-3046.

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