胱氨酸在畜禽生产中的应用及其转运机制研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.12.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 胱氨酸是由两个半胱氨酸通过二硫键氧化连接形成的氨基酸，其不仅是合成蛋白质的关键构件，也是畜禽重要的营养性硫源，对维持机体稳态和生理功能至关重要。适宜水平的胱氨酸有助于畜禽生长发育，改善畜禽产品质量。研究表明，胱氨酸功能的发挥高度依赖于其在细胞内外的高效转运与动态平衡，一旦转运失衡，则可能引发机体脏器损伤等一系列代谢问题。胱氨酸的转运依赖于细胞膜蛋白质溶质载体家族7成员11(solute carrier family 7 member 11，SLC7A11)蛋白以及溶酶体膜转运载体蛋白Cystinosin，其转运过程与细胞氧化-抗氧化平衡以及铁死亡密切相关。然而，现有研究对细胞感应胱氨酸浓度变化的过程，胞内外胱氨酸转运体的作用机制及其营养干预策略研究尚存不足。在全球推进低蛋白质饲粮的背景下，高效利用包括胱氨酸在内的氨基酸资源以减少氮排放具有重要意义。因此，笔者系统梳理了胱氨酸在畜禽生产中的应用效果及转运机制，归纳总结了胱氨酸在畜禽营养代谢中的调控作用，探讨了胱氨酸转运的机制及其转运障碍导致的营养代谢问题，以期为探明胱氨酸的作用机制，及完善胱氨酸的精准营养方案提供借鉴。

关键词: 胱氨酸; SLC7A11蛋白; 营养调控; 转运

Abstract: Cystine is an amino acid formed by the oxidative linkage of two cysteine molecules via a disulfide bond.It serves not only as a critical building block for protein synthesis but also as an essential nutritional sulfur source for livestock and poultry,playing a vital role in maintaining organismal homeostasis and physiological functions.An appropriate level of cystine is beneficial for the growth and development of livestock and poultry,and helps improve the quality of their products.Previous studies demonstrated that the function of cystine is highly dependent on its efficient transport and dynamic balance within and outside the cells.Once the transport is disrupted,it may lead to a series of metabolic problems such as organ damage in the body.The transport of cystine depends on the solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) protein on the cell membrane and the lysosomal membrane transport carrier protein Cystinosin.The transport process is closely related to the cellular oxidative-antioxidant balance and ferroptosis.Nevertheless,the current research still lacks sufficient exploration of the process by which cells sense changes in cysteine concentration,the mechanism of action of cysteine transporters inside and outside the cells,and the nutritional intervention strategies.Against the backdrop of the global promotion of low-protein diets,the efficient utilization of amino acid resources,including cystine,to reduce nitrogen emissions is of great significance.Therefore,the author systematically sorted out the application effect and transport mechanism of cystine in livestock and poultry production,summarized the regulatory role of cystine in the nutritional metabolism of livestock and poultry,and explored the mechanism of cystine transport and the nutritional metabolism problems caused by transport disorders,with the aim of providing reference for clarifying the mechanism of cystine action and improving the precise nutrition plan of cystine.

Key words: cystine; SLC7A11 protein; nutritional regulation; transfer

中图分类号:

S816.1

宗晓茵, 周加义, 王修启, 金成龙. 胱氨酸在畜禽生产中的应用及其转运机制研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(12): 5682-5693.

ZONG Xiaoyin, ZHOU Jiayi, WANG Xiuqi, JIN Chenglong. Research Progress on the Application and Transport Mechanisms of Cystine in Livestock and Poultry Production[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(12): 5682-5693.

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