中草药水提物复配剂对育肥滩羊羔羊瘤胃碳水化合物降解酶及微生物组成的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.12.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究饲粮中添加由黄芪、甘草、苦豆子组成的中草药水提物复配剂对育肥滩羊羔羊瘤胃碳水化合物降解酶活性、微生物组成的影响。【方法】采用单因素设计，选择32只3月龄、体重25 kg左右且健康的育肥滩羊公羔，随机分为4组，对照组(k0)、试验1组(s1)、试验2组(s2)和试验3组(s3)，每组8只羊，分别饲喂含有0、0.50%、1.00%和1.50%的中草药水提物复合制剂的基础饲粮，预饲期10 d，试验期60 d。试验结束时采集瘤胃液，测定瘤胃碳水化合物降解酶活性；利用宏基因组测序分析瘤胃微生物组成和功能。【结果】各组间育肥滩羊羔羊瘤胃羧甲基纤维素酶、果胶酶、木聚糖酶、微晶纤维素酶活性均无显著差异(P＞0.05)，试验3组育肥滩羊羔羊瘤胃中的淀粉酶和纤维素二糖酶活性较对照组显著提高(P＜0.05)。物种组成分析结果表明，假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)为育肥滩羊羔羊瘤胃主要优势菌门，琥珀酸弧菌属(Succinivibrio)、普雷沃菌属(Prevotella)、木聚糖杆菌属(Xylanibacter)为育肥滩羊羔羊瘤胃主要优势菌属。物种基因KEGG功能注释显示，育肥滩羊羔羊瘤胃碳水化合物代谢途径活跃。通过物种基因碳水化合物活性酶(CAZy)基因表达谱差异分析发现，在最高层级(level 1)中，碳水化合物结合模块酶基因(CBMs)丰度有显著变化(P＜0.05)，第二层级(level 2)的碳水化合物结合模块酶家族基因(CBM14、CBM77、CBM13)、糖苷水解酶家族基因(GH31)和碳水化合物酯酶家族(CE0)基因丰度发生显著改变(P＜0.05)，试验3组的CBM77、CBM13和CE0基因丰度较对照组显著提高(P＜0.05)。瘤胃碳水化合物降解酶活性与瘤胃CAZy第二层级差异基因丰度相关分析结果显示，木聚糖酶活性与CE0家族基因丰度显著负相关(P＜0.05)；淀粉酶活性与CBM13家族基因丰度显著正相关(P＜0.05)，与CE0家族基因丰度极显著正相关(P＜0.01)；纤维素二糖酶活性与CBM77家族基因丰度极显著正相关(P＜0.01)。【结论】饲粮添加1.50%由黄芪、甘草、苦豆子组成的中草药水提物复配剂，可提高育肥滩羊羔羊淀粉酶和纤维素二糖酶的活性及与之正相关的碳水化合物相关功能基因(CBM13、CE0和CBM77)的丰度，有助于瘤胃饲料中淀粉和纤维素成分的降解，一定程度改善瘤胃发酵特性。

关键词: 中草药水提物; 育肥滩羊羔羊; 瘤胃碳水化合物降解酶; 微生物宏基因组

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with compound preparation of Chinese herbal aqueous extract of consisting of Astragalus membranaceus,Glycyrrhiza uralensis,and Sophora alopecuroides on the activities of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes,microbial composition in rumen of fattening Tan lambs. 【Method】 A single factor design was used in the experiment，and thirty two 3-month-old healthy fattening male Tan lambs weighing around 25 kg were randomly divided into four groups,with 8 lambs in each group.The lambs in control group (k0),experimental group 1 (s1),experimental group 2 (s2) and experimental group 3 (s3) were fed with diets containing 0,0.50%,1.00% and 1.50% compound preparation of Chinese herbal aqueous extract.The pre trial period for the experiment was 10 days,and the main trial period was 60 days.The rumen fluids were collected to measure carbohydrate-degrading enzymes,and analyze rumen species composition and functional genes through microbial metagenomic sequencing at the end of the experiment. 【Result】 There were no significant change in the activities of carboxymethyl-cellulase,pectinase,xylanase,and avicelase in rumen of lambs among the groups (P＞0.05).The amylase and cellobiase activities in s3 group were significantly increased compared with k0 group (P＜0.05). The rumen species composition analysis showed that Pseudomonas,Bacteroidota,and Bacillota were the main dominant bacterial phyla,while Succinivibrio,Prevotella,and Xylanibacter were the main dominant bacterial genera.Through KEGG functional annotation of species genes,the carbohydrate metabolism pathway in the rumen of fattening Tan lambs was found to be active.Through differential analysis of CAZy gene expression profiles among species,it was found that there were significant differences in the overall abundance of CBMs at the level 1 (P＜0.05),while the abundance of carbohydrate-binding modules family genes (CBM14,CBM77 and CBM13),glycoside hydrolase family genes (GH31),and carbohydrate esterase family genes (CE0) at the level 2 were showed significant changes (P＜0.05).The family abundance genes of CBM77,CBM13,and CE0 in s3 group were significantly increased compared to k0 group (P＜0.05).The correlation analysis between ruminal carbohydrate-degrading enzyme activity and rumen CAZy level 2 differential genes showed that xylanase activity was significantly negatively correlated with CE0 family genes abundance (P＜0.05),amylase activity was significantly positively correlated with CBM13 family genes abundance (P＜0.05),and significantly positively correlated with CE0 family genes abundance (P＜0.01).Cellobiase activity was highly positively correlated with CBM77 family genes abundance (P＜0.01). 【Conclusion】 Adding 1.50% compound of Chinese herbal aqueous extract consisting of Astragalus membranaceus,Glycyrrhiza uralensis,and Sophora alopecuroides to the feed could increase the activities of amylase and cellulase in fattening Tan lambs,as well as the abundance of carbohydrate related functional genes (CBM13,CE0,and CBM77) that were positively correlated with them.It would promote the components degradation of starch and cellulose in the rumnal feed and improved the ruminal fermentation characteristics to a certain extent.

Key words: Chinese herbal aqueous extract; fattening Tan lambs; ruminal carbohydrate-degrading enzyme; microbial metagenome

中图分类号:

S816.7

王弘浩, 周颖, 刘维平, 徐誉彰, 陈晓东. 中草药水提物复配剂对育肥滩羊羔羊瘤胃碳水化合物降解酶及微生物组成的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(12): 5670-5681.

WANG Honghao, ZHOU Ying, LIU Weiping, XU Yuzhang, CHEN Xiaodong. The Effect of Compound Preparation of Chinese Herbal Aqueous Extract on Ruminal Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes and Microbial Composition in Fattening Tan Lambs[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(12): 5670-5681.

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