短链脂肪酸的生物学功能及其对猪肉品质的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.12.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids，SCFAs)是由肠道微生物通过发酵膳食纤维和其他难消化的碳水化合物产生的代谢产物，具有抗菌、抗炎、抗癌、调节肠道微生物组成等生物学功能。SCFAs既可以与肠道微生物相互作用，参与微生物间的交流，调节肠道免疫系统，增强屏障功能，促进肠道稳态；又可以作为肠道微生物的代谢产物，穿透肠道屏障对动物机体产生影响。猪肉占世界肉类总销售量的30%，随着消费者对高品质猪肉需求的日益增长，如何生产出风味独特且肉质鲜美的优质猪肉产品，已成为生猪养殖行业高度关注的焦点。在畜牧业中，SCFAs对动物机体的作用主要体现在促进肠道健康及机体免疫调节等方面；随着肠道微生物与机体代谢关系的研究不断深入，SCFAs作为肠道-肌肉轴的重要媒介，通过影响肌纤维发育和肌内脂肪沉积从而调控猪肉品质的相关机制也越发清晰。文章对SCFAs的生物学功能及其与猪肉品质特征的关系进行了简要介绍，并对SCFAs通过肠-肌轴调控猪肌纤维转换和肌内脂肪沉积进而改善肉品质的研究进行了综述，旨在为SCFAs调控猪肉品质的研究和应用提供借鉴。

关键词: 猪; 短链脂肪酸; 肠道微生物; 肉品质

Abstract: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolic byproducts produced by gut microbiota through the fermentation of dietary fiber and other indigestible carbohydrates,which possess a variety of biological functions,including antimicrobial,anti-inflammatory,and anticancer activities,as well as the regulation of gut microbial composition.SCFAs not only interact with gut microbiota,facilitating inter-microbial communication and modulating the intestinal immune system to enhance barrier function and promote intestinal homeostasis,but can also act as microbial metabolites that cross the gut barrier and exert systemic effects on the host organism.Pork accounts for approximately 30% of global meat sales.With growing consumer demand for high-quality pork,producing premium pork products with distinctive flavor and superior meat quality has become a major focus in the swine industry.In animal husbandry,SCFAs have mainly emphasized their roles in promoting intestinal health and regulating immune function.As the understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota and body metabolism deepens,the mechanisms by which SCFAs,as an important medium of the gut-muscle axis,influences meat quality in pigs through regulating muscle fiber development and intramuscular deposition are becoming increasingly clear.This review summarizes the biological functions of SCFAs,and their relationship with the characteristics of meat quality in pigs,and current research on how SCFAs regulate muscle fiber transformation and intramuscular fat deposition through gut-muscle axis，so as to provide insights for studies and applications of SCFAs regulating meat quality in pigs.

Key words: pigs; short-chain fatty acids; gut microbiota; meat quality

中图分类号:

S852.23

王彬洁, 孙康乐, 魏海波, 宋祯, 文凤云. 短链脂肪酸的生物学功能及其对猪肉品质的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(12): 5629-5636.

WANG Binjie, SUN Kangle, WEI Haibo, SONG Zhen, WEN Fengyun. Biological Functions of Short-chain Fatty Acids and Its Effect on Meat Quality in Pigs[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(12): 5629-5636.

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