基于主成分分析法构建尼罗罗非鱼一般抗病力的评估模型

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.10.028

中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (10): 4830-4843.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.10.028

• 预防兽医 • 上一篇

基于主成分分析法构建尼罗罗非鱼一般抗病力的评估模型

刘洪^1,2, 刘志刚^1,2, 唐程林^1,2, 朱伟娟^1,2, 梁德进³, 黄维³, 曹明³, 王章², 曹建萌², 衣萌萌², 王淼², 可小丽^1,2

1. 上海海洋大学水产与生命学院, 上海 201306;
2. 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所, 农业农村部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室, 广东省水产动物免疫技术重点实验室, 广州 510380;
3. 广东罗非鱼良种场, 广州 511400

收稿日期:2024-12-31 发布日期:2025-09-30
通讯作者: 可小丽 E-mail:xiaolike2012@163.com
作者简介:刘洪，E-mail:lh15681773292@163.com。
基金资助:
中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2024SJRC2)；国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-46)；国家自然科学基金(32102834)；2022年水产种业体系建设—罗非鱼“育繁推”一体化育种科企联合体(粤财农[2022]119号)；广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2021A1515010852)；2024年省级乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴行动项目(2024-SPY-00-004)

Establishment of Assessment Model of General Disease Resistance with Principal Component Analysis in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

LIU Hong^1,2, LIU Zhigang^1,2, TANG Chenglin^1,2, ZHU Weijuan^1,2, LIANG Dejin³, HUANG Wei³, CAO Ming³, WANG Zhang², CAO Jianmeng², YI Mengmeng², WANG Miao², KE Xiaoli^1,2

1. College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China;
3. National Tilapia Breeding Farm in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 511400, China

Received:2024-12-31 Published:2025-09-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨不同群体尼罗罗非鱼抗病力的差异，并建立一般抗病力评估模型，为筛选罗非鱼对一般病原和不良环境具有整体耐受能力的抗性新表型奠定基础。【方法】以抗链球菌病选育过程中同期产苗的5个混合家系尼罗罗非鱼(A～E群体)为研究对象，检测比较了各群体共150尾鱼体的血清免疫指标,包括超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、补体3(C3)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)及鳃部免疫球蛋白T(IgT)的变化，同时综合各免疫指标数据，采用主成分分析法和聚类分析法对各群体的一般抗病力进行建模评估。【结果】各免疫指标在不同罗非鱼群体中的变异系数为10.18%～78.17%。其中ACP与AKP、C3、IFN-γ、IgT之间，AKP与C3、IFN-γ、IgT之间，C3与TNF-α、IFN-γ、IgT之间，TNF-α与IFN-γ、IgT之间，IFN-γ与IgT之间，IgM与SOD之间均为显著或极显著正相关(P＜0.05；P＜0.01)。根据方差贡献率大小排序选择前5个主成分进行分析，结果表明,其累计方差贡献率达到85.422%。在此基础上，构建罗非鱼一般抗病力的评估模型：f_i=0.006Zx₁+0.056Zx₂+0.054Zx₃+0.221Zx₄+0.282Zx₅+0.232Zx₆+0.259Zx₇+0.082Zx₈。模型评估结果显示，5个尼罗罗非鱼群体的一般抗病力大小排序为：E(0.694)＞D(0.537)＞C(－0.052)＞A(－0.475)＞B(－0.704)。聚类分析表明，D、E群体聚为一支，A、B、C群体聚为一支。无乳链球菌攻毒及脾脏病理切片验证发现，各群体的抗病力强弱与其模型评估的结果基本一致，即模型评估得分越高，抗病力越强。【结论】尼罗罗非鱼一般抗病力具有群体差异性，且根据其一般抗病力的差异构建抗病力评估模型具有可行性，本试验结果可为罗非鱼种质资源的开发利用和抗病遗传育种提供参考。

关键词: 尼罗罗非鱼; 一般抗病力; 群体差异; 主成分分析 (PCA); 综合评价

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the differences in disease resistance among different populations of Nile tilapia and establish a general disease resistance evaluation model,so as to lay a foundation for screening new resistant phenotypes of tilapia with overall tolerance to common pathogens and adverse environments.【Method】 Five mixed families of Nile tilapia (populations A-E) that produced seedlings at the same time during the breeding process of anti streptococcal disease were used as the research objects.A total of 150 fish from each group were tested and compared for the changes of serum immune indicators,including superoxide dismutase (SOD),acid phosphatase (ACP),alkaline phosphatase (AKP),complement 3 (C3),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),immunoglobulin M (IgM),as well as gill immunoglobulin T (IgT).At the same time,the general disease resistance of each population was modeled and evaluated by principal component analysis and cluster analysis based on the immune index data.【Result】 The results showed that the coefficients of variation for the immune indicators across different tilapia populations ranged from 10.18% to 78.17%. Significant or extremely significant positive correlations were observed in the following pairwise comparisons: ACP with AKP, C3, IFN-γ and IgT, AKP with C3, IFN-γ and IgT, C3 with TNF-α, IFN-γ and IgT, TNF-α with IFN-γ and IgT, IFN-γ with IgT, and IgM with SOD (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). According to the ranking of variance contribution rate,the top five principal components were selected for analysis,and the results showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate reached 85.422%.Based on these findings,a comprehensive disease-resistance assessment model for Nile tilapia was constructed:f_i=0.006Zx₁+0.056Zx₂+0.054Zx₃+0.221Zx₄+0.282Zx₅+0.232Zx₆+0.259Zx₇+0.082Zx₈.According to the model,the general disease-resistance scores of the five populations were ranked as follows:E(0.694)＞D(0.537)＞C(－0.052)＞A(－0.475)＞B(－0.704).Cluster analysis indicated that populations D and E clustered together,while populations A,B and C formed another group. The challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae and spleen histopathological sections both revealed that the disease resistance of each population was basically consistent with the results of the model assessment.In other words, the higher the population score from model evaluation, the stronger the disease resistance.【Conclusion】 There were population differences in the general disease resistance of Nile tilapia,and it was feasible to construct a disease-resistance assessment model based on these differences.These results provided references for the development and utilization of tilapia germplasm resources and the genetic breeding of disease-resistant tilapia.

Key words: Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus); general disease resistance; variation among populations; principal component analysis (PCA); comprehensive evaluation

中图分类号:

S941

刘洪, 刘志刚, 唐程林, 朱伟娟, 梁德进, 黄维, 曹明, 王章, 曹建萌, 衣萌萌, 王淼, 可小丽. 基于主成分分析法构建尼罗罗非鱼一般抗病力的评估模型[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(10): 4830-4843.

LIU Hong, LIU Zhigang, TANG Chenglin, ZHU Weijuan, LIANG Dejin, HUANG Wei, CAO Ming, WANG Zhang, CAO Jianmeng, YI Mengmeng, WANG Miao, KE Xiaoli. Establishment of Assessment Model of General Disease Resistance with Principal Component Analysis in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(10): 4830-4843.

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基于主成分分析法构建尼罗罗非鱼一般抗病力的评估模型

Establishment of Assessment Model of General Disease Resistance with Principal Component Analysis in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

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