植酸酶在产蛋鸡低磷饲粮中的应用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.10.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 蛋鸡规模化养殖发展迅速，中国作为全球最大的鸡蛋生产国和消费国，蛋鸡产业在中国畜牧业中占据着重要地位。磷作为产蛋鸡饲粮中不可或缺的核心营养素，在维持机体生理功能、促进骨骼发育、保障蛋壳质量等方面发挥着关键作用。饲粮中磷主要以植酸及其盐类形式存在，因家禽内源性植酸酶缺乏，其生物学利用率受植酸抗营养作用的严重制约。同时，磷资源短缺、饲料成本上升、生产效率不足以及粪污处理不充分等问题日益突出。因此，消除植酸的抗营养特性、提高饲粮的消化利用率、降低无机磷的添加，对蛋鸡产业的可持续发展尤为重要。饲粮中外源添加植酸酶能够水解植酸和植酸盐，减少畜禽磷排放，并降低对矿物磷源的依赖。尽管植酸酶在常规饲粮中的应用已较为广泛，但对于产蛋鸡低磷饲粮的应用方案及植酸酶在低磷饲粮中的系统性研究仍显不足。作者综述了产蛋鸡的磷营养以及植酸酶在低磷饲粮中对产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、肠道健康和骨骼健康的影响，探讨了植酸酶的额外营养效应及其在低磷饲粮中应用的影响因素，以期为植酸酶在产蛋鸡饲粮中的高效应用提供理论依据和实践参考。

关键词: 低磷饲粮; 植酸酶; 产蛋鸡; 植酸磷; 额外营养效应

Abstract: The rapid development of large-scale layer farming has positioned China as the world’s largest producer and consumer of eggs,with the layer industry playing a pivotal role in its livestock sector.Phosphorus,an indispensable core nutrient in the diets of laying hens,is critical for maintaining physiological functions,promoting bone development,and ensuring eggshell quality.However,phosphorus in poultry diets primarily exists in the form of phytate and its salts.Due to the endogenous phytase deficiency in poultry,the biological availability of phosphorus is severely limited by the anti-nutritional effects of phytate.Concurrently,challenges such as phosphorus resource scarcity,rising feed costs,suboptimal production efficiency,and inadequate manure management have intensified.Therefore,eliminating the anti-nutritional characteristics of phytic acid,improving the digestibility and utilization rate of feed,and reducing the addition of inorganic phosphorus are critical for the sustainable development of the layer chicken industry.Exogenous addition of phytase to diets can hydrolyze phytic acid and phytates,reducing phosphorus excretion from livestock and poultry and decreasing reliance on mineral phosphorus sources.Although the application of phytase in conventional diets is relatively widespread,systematic research on its use in low-phosphorus diets for layers and the development of corresponding application protocols remain insufficient.The author summarizes the nutritional role of phosphorus in layers and examines the effects of phytase in low-phosphorus diets on performance,egg quality,gut health,and skeletal health,it further explores the extra-phosphoric effects of phytase and the factors influencing its application in low-phosphorus diets,aiming to provide theoretical foundations and practical guidance for the effective use of phytase in layer feed.

Key words: low-phosphorus diets; phytase; laying hens; phytate phosphorus; extra-phosphoric effect

中图分类号:

S816.73

张明, 古燕, 敖翔, 周建川. 植酸酶在产蛋鸡低磷饲粮中的应用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(10): 4627-4640.

ZHANG Ming, GU Yan, AO Xiang, ZHOU Jianchuan. Research Progress on Application of Phytase in Low-phosphorus Diets of Laying Hens[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(10): 4627-4640.

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