多糖作为兽用疫苗佐剂作用机制的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.05.030

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 多糖可促进免疫调节，具有多靶点、多功能和多因子效应，因此可广泛用作兽用疫苗免疫佐剂。多糖作为疫苗佐剂可提高免疫动物脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊等免疫器官指数，增强巨噬细胞吞噬活性及抗原递呈能力，增强NK细胞杀伤能力，促进树突细胞的成熟和分化，增强机体对抗原的摄取能力，影响T细胞亚群的种类和数量，改变Th1、Th2型免疫应答反应的类型，促进B淋巴细胞增殖，刺激细胞因子及抗体的产生等。而多糖作为配体通过与Toll样受体(Toll-like receptor，TLR)、甘露糖受体(mannose receptor，MR)、C型凝集素受体(C-type lectins receptor，CLR)、清道夫受体(scavenger receptor，SR)等受体分子结合，激活下游信号通路，进而发挥上述免疫活性。文章主要从上述几方面对多糖作为兽用疫苗佐剂的作用机制进行阐述，以期为多糖的进一步开发和应用提供参考。

关键词: 多糖; 佐剂; 受体; 免疫

Abstract: Polysaccharide can promote immune regulation with multi-target,multi-function and multi-factor effects,so it can be widely used as an adjuvant of veterinary vaccine.As vaccine adjuvant,polysaccharide can improve the index of immune organs such as spleen,thymus and bursa of Fabricius of immunized animals,enhance phagocytic activity and antigen presentation ability of macrophages,enhance the killing ability of NK cells and promote the maturation and differentiation of dendritic cells and enhance the ability of antigen uptake,affect the type and number of T cell subsets and change the type of Th1 and Th2 immune response,promote the proliferation of B lymphocytes and stimulate the production of cytokines and antibodies.As a ligand,polysaccharide mainly binds with receptor molecules such as Toll like receptor (TLR),mannose receptor (MR),C-type lectins receptor (CLR),scavenger receptor (SR) and so on to activate downstream signal pathways and exert the above immune activities.In this paper,the mechanism of polysaccharide as an adjuvant of veterinary vaccine was discussed,in order to provide a reference for the further development and application of polysaccharide.

Key words: polysaccharide; adjuvant; receptor; immunity

中图分类号:

S853.74

史茜, 徐新峰, 李学文, 肖媛媛, 白梅花, 张富春. 多糖作为兽用疫苗佐剂作用机制的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(5): 1895-1907.

SHI Qian, XU Xinfeng, LI Xuewen, XIAO Yuanyuan, BAI Meihua, ZHANG Fuchun. Research Progress on the Mechanism of Polysaccharide as Adjuvant of Veterinary Vaccine[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(5): 1895-1907.

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