中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 892-902.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.02.034
收稿日期:2025-06-26
出版日期:2026-02-20
发布日期:2026-01-27
通讯作者:
孙新明
E-mail:18083322086@163.com
基金资助:
SUN Xinming(
), CHEN Zuhong, FU Shixiong, YE Fang
Received:2025-06-26
Online:2026-02-20
Published:2026-01-27
Contact:
SUN Xinming
E-mail:18083322086@163.com
摘要:
目的 探讨处理方法、繁殖状态、处理月份和膘情对关岭牛同期发情效果的影响,为进一步优化关岭牛同期发情策略、提高规模化养牛场的繁殖效率提供依据。 方法 选取150头2岁以上健康关岭牛母牛,随机分为5组,每组30头,进行如下试验,并在发情鉴定后进行人工输精配种。试验一:选取中等偏上膘情的经产关岭牛在7月份采用牛用孕酮阴道栓(CIDR)+氯前列烯醇钠(PGF2α)(试验1组)和2次PGF2α注射(试验2组)处理,探讨两种处理方式对关岭牛同期发情效果的影响。以下试验均采用2次PGF2α注射法进行处理,其中,试验二:选取中等偏上膘情的经产关岭牛在3月份进行处理(试验3组);试验三:选取膘情偏瘦的经产关岭牛在7月份进行处理(试验4组);试验四:选取中等偏上膘情的后备关岭牛母牛在7月份进行处理(试验5组)。将试验3~5组所得到的关岭牛同期发情率和情期受胎率分别与试验2组进行比较,以探讨不同处理月份、膘情和繁殖状态对同期发情效果的影响。 结果 试验1、2组关岭牛的发情率分别为93.33%和90.00%,情期受胎率分别为89.29%和88.89%,两组间差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验3、4组关岭牛的发情率(66.67%和36.67%)及情期受胎率(75.00%和54.55%)显著或极显著低于试验2组(P<0.05;P<0.01);试验5组关岭牛的发情率(83.33%)和情期受胎率(88.00%)与试验2组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。 结论 同期发情处理方法和繁殖状态对关岭牛同期发情效果无显著影响,处理月份和膘情会显著影响关岭牛的同期发情效果,宜选用中上等膘情的健康母牛,在饲草丰富的温暖时节进行同期发情处理才能获得相对较好的同期化效果。
中图分类号:
孙新明, 陈祖鸿, 符世雄, 叶方. 关岭牛同期发情效果的影响因素研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2026, 53(2): 892-902.
SUN Xinming, CHEN Zuhong, FU Shixiong, YE Fang. Study on the Influencing Factors of Estrus Synchronization Effect in Guanling Cattle[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(2): 892-902.
表1
母牛膘情等级评定标准"
母牛膘情等级评定标准 Evaluation standard of fatness grade of cows | 特征描述 Feature description | ||
|---|---|---|---|
外观表现 Appearance performance | 触摸感受 Touch feeling | 肋部与背部状态 Rib and back status | |
1等(极度消瘦) First grade (extremely slim) | 轮廓明显,肩骨、髋骨、肋骨突出,皮肤无弹性且粗糙 | 触摸硌手,无脂肪覆盖,骨骼棱角清晰 | 肋骨明显;背部脊椎骨突出呈 “锯齿状” |
2等(膘情偏瘦) The second grade (lean fatness) | 轮廓可见,髋骨、肋骨易辨,皮肤弹性较差 | 能明显触摸到骨骼,脂肪覆盖量少,肌肉显单薄 | 肋骨清晰可数,背部脊椎骨突出明显 |
3等(膘情适中) The third grade (moderate fatness) | 轮廓不明显,髋骨、肋骨被适度脂肪覆盖,皮肤光滑紧致 | 触摸时骨骼感不突出,脂肪覆盖均匀,肌肉结实 | 不易看清单根肋骨;背部平整,脊椎骨不明显 |
4等(膘情偏上) The forth grade (upper fatness) | 体型丰满,髋部、背部脂肪堆积明显 | 触摸时脂肪层厚实,骨骼难以触及,触感柔软 | 完全看不到肋骨;背部脂肪厚实 |
5等(膘情过肥) The fifth grade (over fat condition) | 体型臃肿,颈部、肩部、腹部脂肪下垂,行动迟缓 | 触摸时全是松软厚实脂肪,无骨骼感,肌肉被大量脂肪覆盖 | 肋骨完全被脂肪掩盖,背部脂肪形成明显“脂肪垫” |
表3
母牛发情鉴定标准"
发情鉴定标准 Estrus identification standards | 发情阶段 Estrus stages | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
未发情 Not estrus | 发情初期 Early estrus | 发情盛期 Peak estrus | 发情末期 Late estrus | |
外阴部情况 Vulvar condition | 外阴部无明显肿胀,闭合紧密 | 外阴部轻微肿胀,闭合不紧密,弹性略减 | 外阴部显著肿胀,外阴口明显松弛张开 | 外阴部略微皱褶,基本同发情初期 |
阴道黏膜颜色 Colour of vaginal mucosa | 苍白 | 淡红 | 潮红 | 紫红 |
阴道分泌物情况 The status of vaginal secretions | 干涩、无分泌物 | 少量清亮稀薄分泌物 | 大量黏稠分泌物,呈“吊线”状 | 少量混浊分泌物,混有少量血液 |
行为、嗅闻及爬跨情况 Sniffing and climbing situations | 安静、无嗅闻或爬跨其他牛现象 | 哞叫、嗅闻或爬跨其他牛,但不接受爬跨 | 躁动不安、哞叫、嗅闻或爬跨其他牛,并接受其他牛爬跨 | 对其他牛爬跨呈“欲拒还迎”状态 |
直肠内触摸或B超检查卵巢卵泡情况 Ovarian follicles after examination by rectum or B-ultrasound | 卵巢上无可见卵泡 | 卵泡直径5~7.5 mm,卵泡波动不明显 | 卵泡直径9~15 mm,卵泡波动明显 | 卵泡直径9~15 mm,有一触即破之感 |
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