中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 402-417.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.036

• 预防兽医 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆地区牛呼吸道疾病综合征主要病毒性病原流行病学调查

何琴1,2(), 刘馨博1,2(), 甄杰1,2, 冯琦1,2, 易鹏飞1,2, 马英才1,2, 李娜1,2, 王夕虎3, 钟旗4, 姚刚1,2, 陈如龙5(), 马雪连1,2()   

  1. 1.新疆农业大学动物医学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
    2.新疆草食动物新药研究与创制重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052
    3.新疆呼图壁种牛场,昌吉 831203
    4.新疆畜牧科学院兽医研究所,乌鲁木齐 830052
    5.新疆天莱农牧集团股份有限公司,博乐 833407
  • 出版日期:2026-01-05 发布日期:2025-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 陈如龙,马雪连 E-mail:18139082832@163.com;ventoliu@foxmail.com;1090933404@qq.com;13699381790@163.com
  • 作者简介:何琴,E-mail:18139082832@163.com
    刘馨博,E-mail:ventoliu@foxmail.com
    第一联系人:共同第一作者
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金杰出青年科学基金项目(2024D01E05);新疆维吾尔自治区乡村振兴项目(2024NC033);新疆奶产业技术体系(XJARS-11);国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(CARS-37)

Epidemiological Survey of the Main Viral Pathogens of Bovine Respiratory Disease Syndrome in Xinjiang

HE Qin1,2(), LIU Xinbo1,2(), ZHEN Jie1,2, FENG Qi1,2, YI Pengfei1,2, MA Yingcai1,2, LI Na1,2, WANG Xihu3, ZHONG Qi4, YAO Gang1,2, CHEN Rulong5(), MA Xuelian1,2()   

  1. 1.College of Veterinary Medicine,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China
    2.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals,Urumqi 830052,China
    3.Xinjiang Hutubi Breeding Cattle Farm Co. ,Ltd. ,Changji 831203,China
    4.Institute of Veterinary Medicine,Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science,Urumqi 830052,China
    5.Xinjiang Tianlai Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Group Corporation Limited,Bole 833407,China
  • Online:2026-01-05 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: CHEN Rulong, MA Xuelian E-mail:18139082832@163.com;ventoliu@foxmail.com;1090933404@qq.com;13699381790@163.com

摘要:

目的 牛呼吸道疾病综合征(BRDC)作为一种多病原疾病,可导致牛群出现高发病率和高死亡率,对养牛业造成了严重影响。为评估新疆地区患有BRDC牛的病毒性病原感染情况,本研究对新疆6个地区的BRDC进行了病毒性病原检测。 方法 2023年1-12月在新疆焉耆、喀什、昌吉、博乐、伊犁、阿克苏6个地区采集561份患有呼吸道症状牛的鼻拭子,采用PCR技术对引起BRDC常见的7种病毒牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)、牛腺病毒3型(BAV-3)、牛冠状病毒(BCoV)、A型牛鼻炎病毒(BRAV)、B型牛鼻炎病毒(BRBV)、牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)、牛副流感病毒3型(BPIV-3)进行检测,分析不同季节、不同地区和不同品种牛群的7种病原感染情况。 结果 7种病原均有检出,IBRV检出率最高(14.4%),BVDV次之(13.0%),BAV-3检出率最低(7.0%);混合感染以二重感染为主(13.4%),主要病原包括BAV-3+BCoV(1.8%)、IBRV+BPIV-3(1.6%)和BRBV+BVDV(1.6%);三重感染(3.7%)检出率最高的是IBRV+BPIV-3+BVDV(0.5%);四重感染(0.6%)和五重感染(0.6%)也均有检出,如IBRV+BRAV+BRBV+BPIV-3(0.4%)和IBRV+BAV-3+BCoV+BRAV+BPIV-3(0.2%)等。季节性分析显示,不同病原的检出率具有显著差异,春季BAV-3检出率最高(11.0%),夏季BVDV检出率最高(34.0%),秋季IBRV检出率最高(61.3%),冬季则以BPIV-3检出率最高(38.7%)。在地理分布上,焉耆地区的BRBV检出率最高(50.0%),喀什地区以BAV-3检出率最高(15.3%),昌吉和博乐地区以IBRV检出率最高(分别为28.8%和22.6%),伊犁地区以BVDV检出率最高(55.7%),而阿克苏地区则检出了相同比例的BRBV与BPIV-3(各35.3%)。此外,将样本按照牛的用途分类为肉牛和奶牛2组,结果显示,奶牛主要感染IBRV(29.5%),而肉牛则以BVDV感染为主(12.9%)。 结论 调查结果表明,2023年新疆部分地区BRDC的病毒性病原感染存在明显的季节、地区和品种之间的差异性,本研究可为制定新疆地区BRDC的防控策略提供参考。

关键词: 牛呼吸道疾病综合征; 病毒检测; 混合感染; 流行病学调查

Abstract:

Objective Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a multi-pathogen disease that can lead to high morbidity and mortality rates in cattle herds, causing severe economic losses to the cattle industry. To evaluate the viral pathogen infection in BRDC-affected cattle in Xinjiang, this study conducted viral pathogen detection on BRDC cases from six regions of Xinjiang. Method From January 2023 to December 2023, 561 nasal swabs were collected from cattle with respiratory symptoms in six regions of Xinjiang, including Yanqi, Kashgar, Changji, Bole, Ili and Aksu. PCR technology was used to detect seven common viruses causing BRDC, which were Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV), Bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAV-3), Bovine coronavirus (BCoV), Bovine rhinitis A virus (BRAV), Bovine rhinitis B virus (BRBV), Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3). The infection status of these seven pathogens in cattle of different seasons, in different regions and in different breeds was analyzed. Result The results demonstrated that all seven pathogens were detected. The detection rate was highest for IBRV at 14.4%, followed by BVDV at 13.0%, with the lowest detection rate observed for BAV-3 at 7.0%. Mixed infections were predominantly double infections (13.4%), with the main pathogens including BAV-3+BCoV (1.8%), IBRV+BPIV-3 (1.6%), and BRBV+BVDV (1.6%). Among triple infections (3.7%), the highest detection rate was observed for IBRV+BPIV-3+BVDV (0.5%). Quadruple infections (0.6%) and quintuple infections (0.6%) were also detected, such as IBRV+BRAV+BRBV+BPIV-3 (0.4%) and IBRV+BAV-3+BCoV+BRAV+BPIV-3 (0.2%). There were significant differences in virus positivity rates across seasons, with the highest detection rate of BAV-3 in spring (11.0%), BVDV in summer (34.0%), IBRV in autumn (61.3%), and BPIV-3 in winter (38.7%). Geographically, the highest detection rate of BRBV was in Yanqi (50.0%), BAV-3 in Kashgar (15.3%), IBRV in Changji and Bole (28.8% and 22.6%, respectively), BVDV in Ili (55.7%), and an equal proportion of BRBV and BPIV-3 in Aksu (35.5% each). Additionally, when categorizing the samples by cattle use into beef and dairy groups, dairy cattle were primarily infected with IBRV (29.5%), while beef cattle were mainly infected with BVDV (12.9%). Conclusion The investigation results showed that there were obvious seasonal, regional and breed differences in viral pathogen infection of BRDC in some areas of Xinjiang in 2023. This study would be helpful for formulating prevention and control strategies for BRDC in Xinjiang.

Key words: bovine respiratory disease complex; viral detection; mixed infection; epidemiological survey

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