1～30日龄清远麻鸡代谢能和粗蛋白质需要量研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.08.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究1～30日龄清远麻鸡代谢能和粗蛋白质的需要量，【方法】选取2 160只健康且体重相近的1日龄雌性清远麻鸡随机分为9个组，每组6个重复，每个重复40只。采用3(代谢能水平)×3 (粗蛋白质水平)双因素设计,代谢能水平分别设为12.77、12.35、11.93 MJ/kg，粗蛋白质水平分别设为21.5%、20.5%、19.5%。试验为期30 d，计算清远麻鸡1～30日龄平均日增重、平均日采食量以及料重比。试验结束时，每个重复随机挑选5只鸡，2只取血样和胸肌，测定血清生化指标和胸肌粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量；剩余3只测定体成分与能量、粗蛋白质沉积率。【结果】 ①饲粮代谢能水平由12.77 MJ/kg降至11.93 MJ/kg，清远麻鸡的平均日增重显著降低(P＜0.05),料重比随着代谢能水平升高而下降(P＜0.05)。高代谢能组清远麻鸡平均日采食量及低代谢能组的终末体重显著低于其他两组(P＜0.05)。②血清分析发现，高代谢能组清远麻鸡的总胆固醇水平显著高于低代谢能组(P＜0.05)，而当代谢能水平降低至11.93 MJ/k时，血清中尿酸含量显著降低(P＜0.05)。当饲粮粗蛋白质水平降低至19.5%时，血清中尿酸含量也显著降低(P＜0.05)。代谢能与粗蛋白质水平对清远麻鸡血清总胆固醇和尿酸含量存在交互作用(P＜0.05)。③代谢能水平由12.77 MJ/kg降至11.93 MJ/kg，清远麻鸡胸肌粗脂肪含量显著降低(P＜0.05)，粗蛋白质含量显著升高(P＜0.05)。④在体成分方面，当代谢能水平由12.77 MJ/kg降至11.93 MJ/kg时，清远麻鸡机体的能量及粗脂肪含量显著降低(P＜0.05)。粗蛋白质水平降至最低时，机体粗脂肪含量也显著降低(P＜0.05)。⑤随着代谢能水平的降低，清远麻鸡能量及粗蛋白质的沉积率逐级显著减少(P＜0.05)。高和中等水平粗蛋白质组清远麻鸡能量和粗蛋白质沉积率显著高于低水平粗蛋白质组(P＜0.05)。代谢能与粗蛋白质水平对清远麻鸡能量、粗蛋白质沉积率均有交互作用(P＜0.05)，当代谢能水平最高，粗蛋白质水平越低时，粗蛋白质的沉积率越高。⑥结合BW^0.75和ADG建立清远麻鸡代谢能和粗蛋白质需要量模型，得到1～30日龄清远麻鸡代谢能与粗蛋白质需要量分别为12.28 MJ/kg和20.07%。【结论】 1～30日龄清远麻鸡生长性能受饲粮代谢能水平主导，而饲粮代谢能与粗蛋白质水平共同影响血清生化指标及体成分，且存在交互作用。结合需要量模型，得到1～30日龄清远麻鸡代谢能与粗蛋白质需要量分别为12.28 MJ/kg和20.07%。

关键词: 清远麻鸡; 粗蛋白质需要量; 代谢能需要量

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to explore the requirements for metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) of Qingyuan partridge chickens from 1 to 30 days. 【Method】 A total of 2 160 healthy 1-day-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens with similar body weights were randomly assigned to 9 groups,with 6 replicates per group and 40 birds per replicate.A two-factor design with;
3. levels of ME and 3 levels of CP was employed.The ME levels were set at 12.77,12.35,and 11.93 MJ/kg,while the CP levels were set at 21.5%,20.5%,and 19.5%.The experimental period lasted for 30 days.The average daily weight gain (ADG),average daily feed intake (ADFI),and feed-to-weight ratio (F/G) of the chickens from 1 to 30 days of age were calculated.At the end of the experiment,five birds were randomly selected from each replicate.Two of these birds were used for blood sampling and breast muscle collection to determine serum biochemical indicators,as well as the CP and crude fat content in the breast muscle.The remaining three birds were used to measure body composition and the deposition rates of energy and CP. 【Result】 ①As the dietary ME level decreased from 12.77 MJ/kg to 11.93 MJ/kg,the ADG of Qingyuan partridge chickens was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),while the F/G was decreased with increasing ME levels (P＜0.05).Chickens in the high ME group had significantly lower ADFI (P＜0.05),whereas those in the low ME group had significantly lower final body weight (P＜0.05).② Serum analysis revealed that chickens in the high ME group had significantly higher total cholesterol levels than those in the low ME group (P＜0.05).When the ME level was reduced to 11.93 MJ/kg,serum uric acid content was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Additionally,when the dietary CP level was reduced to 19.5%,serum uric acid content was also significantly decreased (P＜0.05).An interaction between ME and CP levels was observed for serum total cholesterol and uric acid content in Qingyuan partridge chickens (P＜0.05).③ Moreover,when the ME level decreased from 12.77 MJ/kg to 11.93 MJ/kg,the crude fat content in the breast muscle of Qingyuan partridge chickens was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),whereas the CP content in the breast muscle was significantly increased (P＜0.05).④ In terms of body composition,when the ME level was reduced from 12.77 MJ/kg to 11.93 MJ/kg,the energy and crude fat content in the body of Qingyuan partridge chickens were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).The body crude fat content was also significantly decreased when the CP level was at its lowest (P＜0.05).⑤The deposition rates of energy and CP in Qingyuan partridge chickens were significantly decreased with decreasing ME levels (P＜0.05).Chickens in the high and intermediate CP groups showed significantly higher energy and CP deposition rates than low CP group (P＜0.05).An interaction between ME and CP levels was observed for energy and CP deposition rates in Qingyuan partridge chickens (P＜0.05), with higher CP deposition rates when ME levels was highest and CP levels were lower.⑥ Using BW^0.75/ADG as the independent variable to establish the metabolic energy and crude protein requirement models for Qingyuan partridge chickens. Based on the models, the recommended ME and CP requirements for 1-30-day-old Qingyuan partridge chickens were 12.28 MJ/kg and 20.07%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 In summary, the growth performance of 1-30-day-old Qingyuan partridge chickens was predominantly influenced by dietary ME levels, while serum biochemical indicators and body composition were jointly regulated by the interactive effects of dietary ME and CP levels.By establishing requirement models, the ME and CP needs for this stage were determined as 12.28 MJ/kg and 20.07%, respectively.

Key words: Qingyuan partridge chickens; crude protein requirement; metabolizable energy requirement

中图分类号:

S815.1

李欢, 欧建存, 黄健, 柒启恩, 朱翠, 龙丽娜, 冯鑫, 王文河, 黄威龙, 张辉华. 1～30日龄清远麻鸡代谢能和粗蛋白质需要量研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(8): 3595-3606.

LI Huan, OU Jiancun, HUANG Jian, QI Qien, ZHU Cui, LONG Lina, FENG Xin, WANG Wenhe, HUANG Weilong, ZHANG Huihua. Study on the Metabolizable Energy and Crude Protein Requirements of Qingyuan Partridge Chickens from 1 to 30 Days[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(8): 3595-3606.

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