基于抗毒力策略的表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯抗菌作用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.07.041

Abstract

Abstract: With the increasingly serious problem of bacterial drug resistance,bacterial diseases in veterinary clinical practice have become more intractable,and the development of novel anti-infective drugs is extremely urgent.The anti-virulence strategy targeting bacterial virulence factors has become a promising antibacterial approach to avoid the selective pressure-induced resistance associated with conventional antibiotics.The flavonoid epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), with its unique structures such as polyhydroxy,esterification modification,and stereoconfiguration,can bind to bacterial virulence factors and has inhibitory effects on the virulence factors of various bacteria. It is an ideal anti-virulence drug.The author reviewed the anti-virulence strategies of EGCG,summarized the physicochemical properties and pharmacological effects of EGCG,and clarified that this compound mainly inhibits bacterial virulence through direct binding to virulence factors,hindering the expression of virulence genes,preventing the secretion of virulence factors,and indirect anti-virulence action pathways.The inhibitory effects and mechanisms of EGCG on different types of virulence factors (endotoxin,hemolysin,enterotoxin,enzymes,biofilms and virulence regulatory systems) were further summarized and explored.From the perspective of clinical treatment,the application prospects and problems faced by the development of EGCG into an anti-virulence drug were discussed,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the research of novel anti-virulent drugs in the veterinary field and promote the healthy and sustainable development of animal husbandry through anti-virulence strategies.

Key words: epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG); virulence factor; bacteria; inhibition

CLC Number:

S854.5^＋3

WANG Tao, XUE Ke, ZHANG Guocheng, XU Ziyi, PENG Chengyang, LIANG Xicai, CUI Ziyin, XIA Zhiqiang, ZHANG Zehui. Research Progress on Antibacterial Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate Based on Anti-virulence Strategy[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(7): 3429-3439.

References

[1] VENKATESAN M,FRUCI M,VERELLEN L A,et al.Molecular mechanism of plasmid-borne resistance to sulfonamide antibiotics[J].Nature Communications,2023,14(1):4031.
[2] DJORDJEVIC S P,JAROCKI V M,SEEMANN T,et al.Genomic surveillance for antimicrobial resistance—A One Health perspective[J].Nature Reviews Genetics,2024,25(2):142-157.
[3] 熊利洋，胡秀玲,魏云林.耐药菌非抗生素疗法研究进展[J].中国生物工程杂志,2023,43(1):50-58.XIONG L Y,HU X L,WEI Y L.Advances in non-antibiotic therapy for drug-resistant bacteria[J].China Biotechnology,2023,43(1):50-58.(in Chinese)
[4] MOHAMAD F,ALZAHRANI R R,ALSAADI A,et al.An explorative review on advanced approaches to overcome bacterial resistance by curbing bacterial biofilm formation[J]. Infection and Drug Resistance,2023,16:19-49.
[5] 张泽辉,吴运谱,崔子寅,等.EGCG对奶牛子宫内膜炎致病菌抗菌作用及网络药理学的研究[J].中国预防兽医学报,2024,46(4):411-417.ZHANG Z H,WU Y P,CUI Z Y,et al.Antibacterial effect of EGCG on bovine endometritis-related bacteria and network pharmacological study[J].Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine,2024,46(4):411-417.(in Chinese)
[6] RENZETTI A,BETTS J W,FUKUMOTO K,et al.Antibacterial green tea catechins from a molecular perspective:Mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships[J]. Food Function,2020,11(11):9370-9396.
[7] HAO S Q,YANG D,ZHAO L,et al.EGCG-mediated potential inhibition of biofilm development and quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences ,2021,22(9):4946.
[8] 刘平平,池恒明,孙长勉,等.表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯的生物学功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用[J].饲料工业,2024,45(8):50-55.LIU P P,CHI H M,SUN C M,et al.Biological functions of epigallocatechin gallate and its application in livestock and poultry production[J].Feed Industry,2024,45(8):50-55.(in Chinese)
[9] 马宁,黄艳红,堂格斯,等.表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯在水产养殖中的应用进展[J].饲料研究,2024,47(3):165-169.MA N,HUANG Y H,TANG G S,et al.Research progress on application of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in aquaculture[J].Feed Research,2024,47(3):165-169.(in Chinese)
[10] 刘姿爱.表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯抗胶孢炭疽菌木葡聚糖酶靶标确证研究[D].长春：吉林大学,2024.LIU Z A.Confirmatory study on the antigliosporic anthracnosexyloglucanase target of epigallocatechin gallate against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2024.(in Chinese)
[11] SERRA D O,MIKA F,RICHTER A M,et al.The green tea polyphenol EGCG inhibits E.coli biofilm formation by impairing amyloid curli fibre assembly and downregulating the biofilm regulator CsgD via the σ(E) -dependent sRNA RybB[J]. Molecular Microbiology,2016,101(1):136-151.
[12] LIU C M,HAO K,LIU Z J,et al.Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) attenuates staphylococcal alpha-hemolysin (Hla)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation via ROS-MAPK pathways and EGCG-Hla interactions[J]. International Immunopharmacology,2021,100:108170.
[13] PENG X,MCCLEMENTS D J,LIU X,et al.EGCG-based nanoparticles:Synthesis,properties,and applications[J]. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition,2025，65(12):2177-2198.
[14] FARHAN M.Green tea catechins:Nature’s way of preventing and treating cancer[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2022,23(18):10713.
[15] PAYNE A,TAKA E,ADINEW G M,et al.Molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) in LPS-activated BV-2 microglia cells[J].Brain Sciences，2023,13(4):632.
[16] 李靖.EGCG消毒剂对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制效果及作用机理研究[D].北京：北京建筑大学,2024.LI J.Study on the inhibitory effect and mechanism of EGCG disinfectant on Bacillus subtilis[D]. Beijing：Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,2024.(in Chinese)
[17] WU M,BROWN A C.Applications of catechins in the treatment of bacterial infections[J].Pathogens，2021,10(5):546.
[18] MOKRA D,JOSKOVA M,MOKRY J.Therapeutic effects of green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in relation to molecular pathways controlling inflammation,oxidative stress,and apoptosis[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2022,24(1):340.
[19] YIN H M,YAN Q H,CHENG G Q,et al.The antivirulence activity,transcriptomics of EGCG and its protective effects on zebrafish infected by Aeromonas hydrophila[J]. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,2023,13:1271448.
[20] DI M,ZHANG Q F,WANG J J,et al.Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) attenuates inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endometritis via silent information regulator transcript-1(SIRT1)/nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3) pathway[J]. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology,2022,36(12):e23203.
[21] 徐天乐,朱浩,刘润,等.表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对大肠杆菌诱导型奶牛乳腺上皮细胞炎性损伤的影响[J].动物营养学报,2022,34(11):7370-7380.XU T L,ZHU H,LIU R,et al.Effects of epigallocatechin gallate on inflammatory injury in bovine mammary epithelial cells induced by Escherichia coli[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2022,34(11):7370-7380.(in Chinese)
[22] 宝华,户春丽,安彦昊,等.表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对脂多糖诱导的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞炎性损伤和凋亡的干预作用[J].中国畜牧兽医,2024,51(5):2122-2131.BAO H,HU C L,AN Y H,et al.Effects of EGCG on inflammatory injury and apoptosis of BMECs induced by LPS[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2024,51(5):2122-2131.(in Chinese)
[23] LIU S S,CAO Y G,MA L L,et al.Oral antimicrobial peptide-EGCG nanomedicines for synergistic treatment of ulcerative colitis[J]. Journal of Controlled Release,2022,347:544-560.
[24] 冯昱超,徐加利,朱斌杰,等.单增李斯特菌毒力因子溶血素关键氨基酸位点在感染过程中的作用研究[J].微生物学报,2024,64(4):1219-1232.FENG Y C,XU J L,ZHU B J,et al.Roles of key amino acid residues of the virulence factor listeriolysin O in Listeria monocytogenes infection[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2024,64(4):1219-1232.(in Chinese)
[25] ZHOU Y L,CHEN C Z,PAN J,et al.Epigallocatechin gallate can attenuate human alveolar epithelial cell injury induced by alpha-haemolysin[J]. Microbial Pathogenesis， 2018,115:222-226.
[26] DU W,ZHOU M,LIU Z,et al.Inhibition effects of low concentrations of epigallocatechin gallate on the biofilm formation and hemolytic activity of Listeria monocytogenes[J].Food Control,2018,85:119-126.
[27] SONG M,TENG Z,LI M,et al.Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence by simultaneously targeting pneumolysin and sortase A[J]. Journalof Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2017,21(10):2586-2598.
[28] 李雅倩,胡同平.金黄色葡萄球菌毒力因子的研究进展[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2020,30(17):2712-2716.LI Y Q,HU T P.Advance in study of Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors[J].Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology,2020,30(17):2712-2716.(in Chinese)
[29] 曲成虎.EGCG对猪链球菌毒力基因转录水平的影响及对其诱发小鼠感染的治疗作用[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2023.QU C H.The effect of EGCG on the transcription level of virulence genes of Streptococcus suis and its therapeutic effect on infection in mice[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2023.(in Chinese)
[30] 胡乃静,罗龙龙,乔春霞,等.金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素B功能表位及中和抗体研究进展[J].中国药理学与毒理学杂志,2020,34(1):45-51.HU N J,LUO L L,QIAO C X,et al.Advances in functional epitopes and neutralizing antibodies of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology,2020,34(1):45-51.(in Chinese)
[31] 龚玲玉,罗青梅,冯莉,等.金黄色葡萄球菌引发食源性疾病的溯源分析[J].中国国境卫生检疫杂志,2024,47(2):167-170.GONG L Y,LUO Q M,FENG L,et al.Tracing analysis of food-borne disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus [J].Chinese Journal of Frontier Health and Quarantine,2024,47(2):167-170.(in Chinese)
[32] SHIMAMURA Y,UTSUMI M,HIRAI C,et al.Effect of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate to staphylococcal enterotoxin A on toxin activity[J]. Molecules,2020,25(8):1867.
[33] SHIMAMURA Y,NOAKI R,KUROKAWA A,et al.Effect of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on activation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway by staphylococcal enterotoxin A[J].Toxins (Basel),2021,13(9):609.
[34] LIU C M,LIU J B,WANG W L,et al.Epigallocatechin gallate alleviates staphylococcal enterotoxin A-induced intestinal barrier damage by regulating gut microbiota and inhibiting the TLR4-NF-κB/MAPKs-NLRP3 inflammatory cascade[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2023,71(43):16286-16302.
[35] BENEDIK E,SKRT M,PODLIPNIK C,et al.Binding of flavonoids to staphylococcal enterotoxin B[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology，2014,74:1-8.
[36] 高婷,袁芳艳,刘泽文,等.茶多酚的抗菌抗病毒作用[J].动物医学进展,2022,43(4):107-111.GAO T,YUAN F Y,LIU Z W,et al.Antibacterial and antiviral effects of tea polyphenols[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine,2022,43(4):107-111.(in Chinese)
[37] 王琦,艾常虹,商庆辉.细菌分选酶A抑制剂抗革兰阳性超级细菌感染的作用及其应用前景[J].中国药理学与毒理学杂志,2022,36(5):385-392.WANG Q,AI C H,SHANG Q H.Anti-superbacterial infection of bacterial sortase A inhibitors and their prospects of application[J].Chinese Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology,2022,36(5):385-392.(in Chinese)
[38] LOU F,HUANG H,LI Y,et al.Investigation of the inhibitory effect and mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate against Streptococcus suis sortase A[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology，2023,134(9):lxad191.
[39] GOTO I,SAGA S,ICHITANI M,et al.Investigation of components in roasted green tea that inhibit Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation[J].Foods,2023,12(13):2502.
[40] 蒋清然.化脓隐秘杆菌神经氨酸酶对山羊子宫内膜上皮细胞炎性反应的作用研究[D].杨凌：西北农林科技大学,2023.JIANG Q R.Role of neuraminidase from Trueperella pyogenes on the inflammatory response of goat endometrial epithelial cells[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2023.(in Chinese)
[41] MAN G C W,ZHENG X,HUNG S W,et al.Antiviral effects and mechanisms of green tea catechins on influenza:A perception on combating symptoms from COVID-19[J]. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry,2024,24(1):60-73.
[42] COLEMAN M,ORVIS A,BROKAW A,et al.GBS hyaluronidase mediates immune suppression in a TLR2/4- and IL-10-dependent manner during pregnancy-associated infection[J].mBio,2023,14(5):e0204923.
[43] 韩鑫垚,王金鑫,张欣梦,等.五味子挥发油改善皮肤老化作用研究[J].佳木斯大学学报(自然科学版),2023,41(2):132-135.HAN X Y,WANG J X,ZHANG X M,et al.Study on the effect of volatile oil of Schisandra chinensis on skin aging[J].Journal of Jiamusi University (Natural Science Edition),2023,41(2):132-135.(in Chinese)
[44] JEONG G J,KHAN F,TABASSUM N,et al.Bacterial extracellular vesicles:Modulation of biofilm and virulence properties[J].Acta Biomaterialia,2024,178:13-23.
[45] HENGGE R.Targeting bacterial biofilms by the green tea polyphenol EGCG[J].Molecules, 2019,24(13):2403.
[46] CAIAFFA K S,DOS SANTOS V R,ABUNA G F,et al.Cytocompatibility and synergy of EGCG and cationic peptides against bacteria related to endodontic infections,in planktonic and biofilm conditions[J].Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins, 2021,13(6):1808-1819.
[47] SHINDE S,LEE L H,CHU T.Inhibition of biofilm formation by the synergistic action of EGCG-S and antibiotics[J].Antibiotics (Basel),2021,10(2):102.
[48] KNIDEL C,PEREIRA M F,BARCELOS D H F,et al.Epigallocatechin gallate has antibacterial and antibiofilm activity in methicillin resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus of different lineages in non-cytotoxic concentrations[J].Natural Product Research, 2021,35(22):4643-4647.
[49] ARITA-MORIOKA K I,YAMANAKA K,MIZUNOE Y,et al.Inhibitory effects of myricetin derivatives on curli-dependent biofilm formation in Escherichia coli[J]. Scientific Reports,2018,8(1):8452.
[50] STENVANG M,DUEHOLM M S,VAD B S,et al.Epigallocatechin gallate remodels overexpressed functional amyloids in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and increases biofilm susceptibility to antibiotic treatment[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry,2016,291(51):26540-26553.
[51] AGUILERA P,BERRIOS-PASTEN C,VELOSO M,et al.The green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) interferes with microcin E492 amyloid formation[J].Molecules,2023,28(21):7262.
[52] 刘新越，李晨铭，吕春晓,等.中药作为群体感应抑制剂协同抗生素抑制耐药细菌的研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2024,49(3):653-660.LIU X Y,LI C M,LYU C X,et al.Research progress of traditional Chinese medicines as quorum sensing inhibitors in collaboration with antibiotics to inhibit drug-resistant bacteria[J].China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2024,49(3):653-660.(in Chinese)
[53] LEE K M,KIM W S,LIM J,et al.Antipathogenic properties of green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate at concentrations below the MIC against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157∶H7[J].Journal of Food Protection,2009,72(2):325-331.
[54] TAYLOR P W.Interactions of tea-derived catechin gallates with bacterial pathogens[J].Molecules, 2020,25(8):1986.
[55] XUE B,SHEN Y,ZUO J,et al.Bringing antimicrobial strategies to a new level:The quorum sensing system as a target to control Streptococcus suis[J].Life (Basel), 2022,12(12):2006.
[56] HOSSEINZADEH S,DASTMALCHI SAEI H,AHMADI M,et al.Anti-quorum sensing effects of licochalcone A and epigallocatechin-3-gallate against Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from poultry sources[J].Veterinary Research Forum,2020,11(3):273-279.
[57] TANG H,HAO S,KHAN M F,et al.Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates acute lung damage by inhibiting quorum-sensing-related virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology,2022,13:874354.
[58] 刘伟,庞建,刘占英,等.革兰氏阴性细菌蛋白分泌系统研究进展[J].微生物学通报,2022,49(2):781-793.LIU W,PANG J,LIU Z Y,et al.Progress on the protein secretion system of Gram-negative bacteria[J].Microbiology China,2022,49(2):781-793.(in Chinese)
[59] 陈栋梁,班曼曼,朱梦晗,等.细菌Ⅲ型分泌系统及其抑制剂研究进展[J].国外医药(抗生素分册),2023,44(3):192-201.CHEN D L,BAN M M,ZHU M H,et al.Research progress of bacterial type Ⅲ secretion system and its inhibitors[J].World Notes on Antibiotics,2023,44(3):192-201.(in Chinese)
[60] NAKASONE N,HIGA N,TOMA C,et al.Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits the type Ⅲ secretion system of Gram-negative enteropathogenic bacteria under model conditions[J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2017,364(13):fnx111.
[61] CHENG G Q,JIAN S Q,LI W,et al.Epigallocatechin gallate protects mice from Salmonella enterica ser.Typhimurium infection by modulating bacterial virulence through quorum sensing inhibition[J].Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,2024,14:1432111.
[62] CHANG E H,BROWN A C.Epigallocatechin gallate alters leukotoxin secretion and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans virulence[J]. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology,2021,73(4):505-514.
[63] 柏卜鸾,李云鹤,洪守强，等.革兰阴性病原菌毒力因子及抗毒力治疗策略进展[J].中国抗生素杂志,2021,46(2):104-112.BAI B L,LI Y H,HONG S Q,et al.Advances in virulence factors and anti-virulence strategies for Gram-negative pathogens[J].Chinese Journal of Antibiotics,2021,46(2):104-112.(in Chinese)

Research Progress on Antibacterial Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate Based on Anti-virulence Strategy

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	LIANG Jianyong, LIU Yang, LI Jiuyue, GAO Yuan, ZHAO Xiaojuan, JIAO Linmiao, QI Ligeer, XUE Shuyuan. Feed Utilization Technology of Straw with "Wall Breaking and Bacteria-Enzyme" Synergism Treatment and Its Application in Ruminants [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(7): 3059-3069.
[2]	WANG Jing, SUN Zhigang, LI Xinyang, LYU Ruoyi, CAI Ziwen, ZHANG Wenjing, HOU Xiaolin, LIU Xiaoye. Study on the in vitro Antibacterial Effect of Isobavachalcone Combined with Antibacterials [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(7): 3386-3397.
[3]	TONG Jingdi, LI Xiaohan, REN Meiyi, SONG Deyuan, ZHAO Yan, SONG Jinshang, SU Yalan, WEN Xiangfu, CHENG Jia, LIU Mingchao. Isolation and Identification of Leuconostoc from Dairy Farms and Analysis of Their Biological Characteristics [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(6): 2874-2883.
[4]	CAI Yucheng, WU Guanyuan, YANG Haidong, FANG Yinuo, CHEN Zhisheng, ZHAN Xiaoshu. Mechanisms and Current Applications of Probiotics in Animal Health Management [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(5): 2101-2114.
[5]	WANG Xiaolan, GAO Jinduo, XU Yagai, LIU Juxiang. Preparation of Eucalyptus Oil and Peppermint Oil Composite Nanoemulsion [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(5): 2305-2317.
[6]	SUN Jintao, GU Xinshu, WANG Jinquan, WANG Xiumin, TAO Hui, WANG Zhenlong, HAN Bing. Mechanisms and Recent Advances of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Treating Intestinal Inflammation in Companion Animals [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(5): 2442-2448.
[7]	GUO Qing, WANG Hongli, FENG Yuxuan, ZHANG Yumeng, MA Qiyin, CHENG Jia, LIU Mingchao. Isolation and Identification of Chicken Probiotics and Analysis of Their Probiotic Properties [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(4): 1852-1861.
[8]	JI Feng, YE Manhong, TANG Feng. Research Progresses on Application of Bamboo Vinegar in Production of Pig and Chicken [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(3): 1141-1149.
[9]	GAO Jiaojiao, ZHENG Nan, SHAO Wei, CHEN He, MA Xianlan, ZHAO Yankun. Isolation and Identification of Lactogenic Streptococcus agalactiae and Characterisation of Drug Resistance and Virulence and Genome Analysis [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(3): 1301-1316.
[10]	YANG Xinshuo, CHANG Danyi, XU Dandan, ZHANG Haihua, MA Qiugang, HUANG Shimeng. Advances in the Impact of Tryptophan and Its Bacterial Metabolites on Intestinal Barrier Function and Growth Performance in Livestock and Poultry [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(2): 636-644.
[11]	HUANG Xin, WU Ling, GU Qingqing, CAO Fan, KE Peibei, CHEN Yan, GUO Cong, JIN Yuqing, LI Yujuan. Effects of Supplementing Different Complex Bacteria on the Composition of Fermentation Products from Black Soldier Fly Larvae(Hermetia illucens L.) Meal [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(2): 645-654.
[12]	LIU Shixiong, LI Xiao, LI Xueqiang, XU Zixuan, LI Songjian, DU Rui, XUE Chen, LIU Dacheng. Effects of Compound Bacteria Culture on Growth Performance,Immune Function and Vaccine Antibody Titer of Mongolian-Han Crossbred Mutton Sheep [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(2): 718-729.
[13]	YAN Tingting, ZHAO Jingwen, ZHAO Shengguo, WU Huiguang. Advance in Bacteriophage-derived Antibacterial Proteins and Their Synergistic Mechanisms [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(1): 322-330.
[14]	WAN Baoxia, MENG Lingying, SUN Siyu, ZHAO Yujie, WANG Jiaqi, WANG Qiuju. Analysis of Drug Resistance Genes and Biological Characterization of Goose Derived Bacillus and Lactic Acid Bacteria [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(1): 351-363.
[15]	CHEN Chunhong, SHEN Junye, DAI Chongshan, TANG Shusheng. Research Progress on the Antibacterial Activity of Usnic Acid and Its Development and Utilization [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(1): 400-410.