色氨酸及其细菌代谢产物对畜禽肠道屏障及生产性能影响的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.02.014

Abstract

Abstract: Tryptophan (Trp) is one of the essential functional amino acid.Tryptophan and its bacterial metabolites are crucial for maintaining host intestinal homeostasis,promoting growth performance and metabolism.Tryptophan produces various beneficial bacterial metabolites through metabolic processes such as indole,kynurenine and 5-hydroxytryptamine pathways.Tryptophan and its metabolites can promote the expression of tight junction proteins in intestinal epithelial cells,increase the synthesis and secretion of mucins in the intestinal mucosal barrier.In addition,tryptophan and its metabolites promote the colonization of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal microbiota,inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria,and maintain the stability and diversity of the microbiota.The positive effects of tryptophan and its bacterial metabolites on the growth performance of livestock and poultry include increasing feed intake,daily weight gain,alleviating growth barriers,and improving the quality of livestock and poultry products.However,there is currently a lack of systematic research on the mechanism of action of tryptophan bacterial metabolites in the intestinal health,nutritional metabolism and growth performance of livestock and poultry.Future research should focus on how tryptophan metabolites influence microbial colonization and mediate different signaling pathways to regulate intestinal barrier function.The authors summarize recent findings on the role of tryptophan and its metabolites in enhancing the intestinal mucosal barrier,growth performance,and immune response,aiming to provide new ideas and methods for the application of tryptophan bacterial metabolites in livestock and poultry production.

Key words: tryptophan; bacterial metabolites; intestinal mucosal barrier; growth performance; livestock and poultry

CLC Number:

S811.6

YANG Xinshuo, CHANG Danyi, XU Dandan, ZHANG Haihua, MA Qiugang, HUANG Shimeng. Advances in the Impact of Tryptophan and Its Bacterial Metabolites on Intestinal Barrier Function and Growth Performance in Livestock and Poultry[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(2): 636-644.

References

[1] HOPKINS F G,COLE S W.A contribution to the chemistry of proteids:Part Ⅰ.A preliminary study of a hitherto undescribed product of tryptic digestion[J].The Journal of Physiology,1901,27(4-5):418-428.
[2] MANI S,LI H.Symbiotic bacterial metabolites regulate gastrointestinal barrier function via the xenobiotic sensor PXR and Toll-like receptor 4[J].The FASEB Journal,2015,29(S1):517-575.
[3] FU Y,GAO H,HOU X,et al.Pretreatment with IPA ameliorates colitis in mice:Colon transcriptome and fecal 16S amplicon profiling[J]. Frontiers in Immunology,2022,13:1014881.
[4] GARGARO P F F.Tryptophan metabolites at the crossroad of immune-cell interaction via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor:Implications for tumor immunotherapy[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2021,22(9):4644.
[5] BANSAL T,ALANIZ R C,WOOD T K,et al.The bacterial signal indole increases epithelial-cell tight-junction resistance and attenuates indicators of inflammation.[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2010,107(1):228-233.
[6] ZHAO C,HU X,BAO L,et al.Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation by Lactobacillus reuteri tryptophan metabolism alleviates Escherichia coli-induced mastitis in mice[J].PLoS Pathogens,2021,17(7):e1009774.
[7] SONG W,YANG X,WANG W,et al.Sinomenine ameliorates septic acute lung injury in mice by modulating gut homeostasis via aryl hydrocarbon receptor/Nrf2 pathway[J].European Journal of Pharmacology,2021,912:174581.
[8] ZHAI L,LADOMERSKY E,LENZEN A,et al.IDO1 in cancer:A gemini of immune checkpoints[J].Cellular & Molecular Immunology,2018,15(5):447-457.
[9] ERIC P,YUSUKE I,FERNANDO C,et al.Kynurenic acid in schizophrenia:A systematic review and Meta-analysis[J].Schizophrenia Bulletin,2017,43(4):764-777.
[10] TURNER E H,LOFTIS J M,BLACKWELL A D.Serotonin a la carte:Supplementation with the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan[J].Pharmacology & Therapeutics,2006,109(3):325-338.
[11] SUN M,MA N,HE T,et al.Tryptophan (Trp) modulates gut homeostasis via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)[J]. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition,2020,60(10):1760-1768.
[12] ROAGER H M,LICHT T R.Microbial tryptophan catabolites in health and disease[J]. Nature Communications,2018,9(1):3294.
[13] WEI G Z,MARTIN K A,XING P Y,et al.Tryptophan-metabolizing gut microbes regulate adult neurogenesis via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2021,118(27):e2021091118.
[14] HENRIK M R,TINE R L.Microbial tryptophan catabolites in health and disease[J].Nature Communications,2018,17，9(1):3294.
[15] O’MAHONY S M,CLARKE G,BORRE Y E,et al.Serotonin,tryptophan metabolism and the brain-gut-microbiome axis [J].Behavioural Brain Research,2015,277:32-48.
[16] WATTS S W,MORRISON S F,DAVIS R P,et al.Serotonin and blood pressure regulation[J].Pharmacological Reviews,2012,64(2):359.
[17] HUESO T,EKPE K,MAYEUR C,et al.Impact and consequences of intensive chemotherapy on intestinal barrier and microbiota in acute myeloid leukemia:The role of mucosal strengthening[J].Gut Microbes,2020,12(1):1800897.
[18] PETERSON L W,ARTIS D.Intestinal epithelial cells:Regulators of barrier function and immune homeostasis[J].Nature Reviews Immunology,2014,14(3):141-153.
[19] HAIWEI L,ZHAOLAI D,NING L,et al.Dietary L-tryptophan modulates the structural and functional composition of the intestinal microbiome in weaned piglets[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2018,9:1736.
[20] WANG H,JI Y,WU G,et al.L-tryptophan activates mammalian target of rapamycin and enhances expression of tight junction proteins in intestinal porcine epithelial cells[J].Journal of Nutrition,2015,145(6):1156-1162.
[21] TOSSOU M C B,HONGNAN L,MIAOMIAO B,et al.Effect of high dietary tryptophan on intestinal morphology and tight junction protein of weaned pig[J].BioMed Research International,2016,2016:2912418.
[22] 雷泓,宋云林.肠屏障功能障碍发病机制的研究进展[J].医学综述,2021,27(14):6.LEI H,SONG Y L.Advances in the pathogenesis of intestinal barrier dysfunction[J]. Medical Review,2021,27(14):6.(in Chinese)
[23] 岳云双.色氨酸调节慢性不可预知应激动物肠道屏障及免疫功能的机制研究[D].北京：中国农业大学,2017.YUE Y S.Mechanism of tryptophan on intestinal epithelial barrier and immune functions in chronic unpredictable stress-exposed animals[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese)
[24] LEE S B,LEE K W,WANG T,et al.Administration of encapsulated L-tryptophan improves duodenal starch digestion and increases gastrointestinal hormones secretions in beef cattle[J].Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2020,33(1):91-99.
[25] ADAK A,KHAN M R.An insight into gut microbiota and its functionalities[J].Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,2019,76(3):473-493.
[26] 李金龙.日粮色氨酸促进抗菌肽表达对肠道微生物区系的调控和ETEC的预防作用[D].重庆：西南大学,2019.LI J L.Dietary tryptophan promoting the expression of antimicrobial peptide contributes to regulation intestinal microflora and prevention of ETEC[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2019.(in Chinese)
[27] LIU G L J S W.Tryptophan supplementation enhances intestinal health by improving gut barrier function,alleviating inflammation,and modulating intestinal microbiome in lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2022,13:919431.
[28] TANG Z.Dietary tryptophan levels impact growth performance and intestinal microbial ecology in weaned piglets via tryptophan metabolites and intestinal antimicrobial peptides[J]. Animals,2021,11(3):817.
[29] BELLO A U,IDRUS Z,GOH Y,et al.Gut microbiota and transportation stress response affected by tryptophan supplementation in broiler chickens[J].Italian Journal of Animal Science,2018,17(1):107-113.
[30] KHATTAK F,HELMBRECHT A.Effect of different levels of tryptophan on productive performance,egg quality,blood biochemistry,and caecal microbiota of hens housed in enriched colony cages under commercial stocking density[J].Narnia,2019,98(5):2094-2104.
[31] BRANDTZAEG P，KIYONO H,PABST R,et al.Terminology:Nomenclature of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue[J].Mucosal Immunology,2008,1(1):31-37.
[32] LIANG H,DAI Z,KOU J,et al.Dietary L-tryptophan supplementation enhances the intestinal mucosal barrier function in weaned piglets:Implication of tryptophan-metabolizing microbiota[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2018,20(1):20.
[33] YUE Y,GUO Y,YANG Y.Effects of dietary L-tryptophan supplementation on intestinal response to chronic unpredictable stress in broilers[J]. Amino Acids,2017,49(7):1227-1236.
[34] WIKOFF W R,ANFORA A T,LIU J,et al.Metabolomics analysis reveals large effects of gut microflora on mammalian blood metabolites[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2009,106(10):3698-3703.
[35] SJÖGREN K,ENGDAHL C,HENNING P,et al.The gut microbiota regulates bone mass in mice[J].Journal of Bone and Mineral Research,2012,27(6):1357-1367.
[36] VUJKOVIC-CVIJIN I,DUNHAM R M,IWAI S,et al.Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with HIV disease progression and tryptophan catabolism[J].Science Translational Medicine,2013,5(193):193ra91.
[37] AGUS A,PLANCHAIS J,SOKOL H.Gut microbiota regulation of tryptophan metabolism in health and disease [J].Cell Host & Microbe,2018,23(6):716.
[38] 王鹏,王安,李丽娟.饲粮中色氨酸对0～3周龄肉仔鸡生长性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2010,31(20):8-11.WANG P,WANG A,LI L J.Effects of dietary tryptophan level on growth performance and blood parameters of AA broiler[J].Feed Industry,2010,31(20):8-11.(in Chinese)
[39] 饶巍，董信阳，邹晓庭等.饲粮色氨酸水平对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(5):1265-1270.RAO W,DONG X Y,ZOU X T,et al.Effects of dietary tryptophan levels on performance and egg quality of laying hens[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2010,22(5):1265-1270.(in Chinese)
[40] WANG B,CUI L,SONG Q,et al.Excessive dietary L-tryptophan regulated amino acids metabolism and serotonin signaling in the colon of weaning piglets with acetate-induced gut inflammation[J].Amino Acids,2023,55(3):403-412.
[41] LIU J,ZHANG Y,LI Y,et al.L-tryptophan enhances intestinal integrity in diquat-challenged piglets associated with improvement of redox status and mitochondrial function[J].Animals,2019,90(5):266.
[42] LEE J S，PRIATNO W，GHASSEMI NEJAD J,et al.Effect of dietary rumen-protected L-tryptophan supplementation on growth performance,blood hematological and biochemical profiles,and gene expression in Korean native steers under cold environment[J].Animals,2019,9(12):1036.
[43] CHOI W T,NEJAD J G,MOON J O,et al.Dietary supplementation of acetate-conjugated tryptophan alters feed intake,milk yield and composition,blood profile,physiological variables,and heat shock protein gene expression in heat-stressed dairy cows[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2021,98:102949.
[44] WANG J,DING L,YU X,et al.Tryptophan improves antioxidant capability and meat quality by reducing responses to stress in nervous Hu sheep[J].Meat Science,2023,204:109267.
[45] EDMONDS M S,GONYOU H W,BAKER D H.Effect of excess levels of methionine,tryptophan,arginine,lysine or threonine on growth and dietary choice in the pig[J].Journal of Animal Science,1987,1:1.
[46] KANG X,MIAOMIAO B,PENG B,et al.Negative effects on newborn piglets caused by excess dietary tryptophan in the morning in sows[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2019,99(6):3005-3016.
[47] ZHANG R F,HUANG G W,REN Y T,et al.Effects of dietary indole-3-carboxaldehyde supplementation on growth performance,intestinal epithelial function,and intestinal microbial composition in weaned piglets[J].Frontiers in Nutrition,2022,9:896815.
[48] HAN Q,LIU R,WANG H,et al.Microbiota-derived 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid alleviates diarrhea in piglets via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2023,71(41):15132-15144.
[49] MA Z,AKHTAR M,PAN H,et al.Fecal microbiota transplantation improves chicken growth performance by balancing jejunal Th17/Treg cells[J]. Microbiome,2023,11(1):137.
[50] KIM W H,LILLEHOJ H S,MIN W.Indole treatment alleviates intestinal tissue damage induced by chicken coccidiosis through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor[J].Frontiers in Immunology,2019,10:560.
[51] PARK I,NAM H,GOO D,et al.Gut microbiota-derived indole-3-carboxylate influences mucosal integrity and immunity through the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptors and nutrient transporters in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria maxima[J].Frontiers in Immunology,2022,13:867754.
[52] HAYDOCK L A J,FENTON R K,SERGEJEWICH L,et al.Acute interstitial pneumonia and the biology of 3-methylindole in feedlot cattle[J].Animal Health Research Reviews,2022,23(1):72-81.
[53] CHEN L,XIA J,WANG L,et al.Effects of dietary indole-3-acetate sodium on laying performance,egg quality,serum hormone levels and biochemical parameters of Danzhou chickens[J].Animals (Basel),2021，11(3):619.
[54] DU L,QI R,WANG J,et al.Indole-3-propionic acid,a functional metabolite of Clostridium sporogenes,promotes muscle tissue development and reduces muscle cell inflammation[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2021,22(22):12435.
[55] MA L,LI H,HU J,et al.Indole alleviates diet-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation in a manner involving myeloid cell 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3[J]. Hepatology,2020,72(4):1191-1203.

Advances in the Impact of Tryptophan and Its Bacterial Metabolites on Intestinal Barrier Function and Growth Performance in Livestock and Poultry

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	LI Jun, YIN Lei, YANG Ying, HU Jianxin, TANG Li, QIN Qingming, LIANG Chengcheng, WU Haigang, ZHAO Mengting, DUAN Wenmiao. Effects of Different Fermentation Bedding Materials on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Serum Biochemical and Immune Indices in Patridge Shank Chickens [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(7): 3047-3058.
[2]	LI Duo, YUAN Xinxin, SHEN Zhehong, RUAN Fei, ZHAO Lulu, WANG Chuankun, ZENG Yaqi, YAO Xinkui, MENG Jun. Effects of Proline Supplementation on Growth Performance, Antioxidant and Immune Index and Cytokine Contents of Serum in Weaned Foals [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(7): 3084-3092.
[3]	LU Xinxin, FU Kaibo, LI Siman, ZHANG Haihua, ZHANG Haijun, QIU Kai, WU Shugeng. Effect of Dietary Malic Acid Supplemented in the Initial Growth Stage on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Serum Biochemical and Intestinal Health of Broilers [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(7): 3104-3115.
[4]	ZHOU Lusong, ZHAO Yuanyuan, YANG Yuwei, ZHAO Qingyu, MA Qing, TANG Chaohua, ZHANG Huiyan, ZHANG Junmin, QIN Yang, QIN Yuchang. Effects of Sophora alopecuroides and Alkaloids from Sophora alopecuroides on Growth Performance and Rumen Microbiota of Tan Sheep [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(6): 2540-2551.
[5]	LYU Xueze, REN Haiyuan, WANG Liang, XIE Shiyong, YANG Weifang, LIU Jun, WU Shugeng, WU Dimei, LIU Yanhan. Effects of Overfeeding Time on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance, Nutritional Quality and Intestinal Morphology of Pekin Ducks [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(6): 2582-2591.
[6]	LAO Yingdi, HOU Caiqin, LI Xin, GUO Yiwen, HU Debao, GUO Hong, ZHANG Linlin, DING Xiangbin. Research Progress on Intramuscular Fat Deposition Related Genes in Livestock and Poultry [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(6): 2603-2611.
[7]	LIU Jiayi, WU Hua, SHEN Tong, WANG Kailong, WANG Wensheng, CHEN Zixin. Effects of Extract of Lycium ruthenicum Murr on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance,Antioxidant Function and Meat Quality of Bamei Ternary Pigs [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(6): 2637-2649.
[8]	LIN Yanzhi, DENG Dun, MA Xianyong, YU Miao, LU Yusheng, SONG Min, JIANG Qingyan. Advances in Production and in vitro Degradation of Skatole in Livestock and Poultry [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(6): 2650-2661.
[9]	ZHANG Guanfeng, SONG Xianfan, YAN Zhaoming, YANG Xiaojin, ZHENG Mengli, LIU Yating, CHEN Qinghua. Effects of Dietary Superoxide Dismutase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immune Performance,Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Function of Broilers [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(5): 1987-1998.
[10]	ZHAO Na, WANG Lizhong, ZHU Lianying, CAI Yumei, LI Shuang, LI Chenghui. Effects of Chestnut Bur Aqueous Extracts on Growth Performance,Organ Coefficient,Antioxidant Function and Tissue Structure in Mice [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(5): 2056-2065.
[11]	CAI Yucheng, WU Guanyuan, YANG Haidong, FANG Yinuo, CHEN Zhisheng, ZHAN Xiaoshu. Mechanisms and Current Applications of Probiotics in Animal Health Management [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(5): 2101-2114.
[12]	ZHONG Min, YANG Xiaopei, LIU Ruiping, SONG Wenjing, ZHONG Yunping. Effect of Dietary Andrographis paniculata Extract Supplementation on the Growth Performance,Serum Biochemistries,and Gut Health in Ningdu Yellow Chickens [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(5): 2115-2127.
[13]	BIAN Zhiyao, LIU Guohua, HAN Shuaijuan, CHEN Zhimin, ZHENG Aijuan. Effect of Dietary Probiotics Supplementation on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance,Immune Organ Index and Apparent Metabolic Rate of Nutrients in Broilers [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(5): 2140-2148.
[14]	ZHANG Zhengfei, TANG Anxing, SUN Jindong, FU Lixiang, WANG Xingxian, ZHANG Shiyun, YANG Liangyu, NIU Guoyi, TAO Linli. Study on the Appropriate Dietary Crude Protein Level of Yanjin Black-bone Chickens [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(4): 1543-1553.
[15]	LAI Qiushuang, LI Lingshuo, LI Shuyi, TIAN Wei, YU Qingting, ZHANG Kanglin, LI Depeng, LIU Jun, JIANG Fei, PENG Zhongli, WU Jianping, HUANG Yanling. Effects of Rumen-protected Methionine Supplementation in Diets with Different Protein Levels on Growth Performance,Rumen Fermentation and Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients in Yaks [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(4): 1567-1578.