China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 837-850.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.02.029

• Genetics and Breeding • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Analysis of Codon Usage Bias Patterns and Evolution of TYR Gene in Wumeng Black-bone Chickens

SONG Xingchao(), MENG Jinzhu, ZHAO Yuanyuan, WU Zhenyang, AN Qingming()   

  1. Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in the Fanjing Mountain Region,College of Agroforesry Engineering and Planning,Tongren University,Tongren 554300,China
  • Received:2025-08-13 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-01-27
  • Contact: AN Qingming E-mail:songxingchao_888@126.com;anqingming2009@163.com

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to explore the codon usage bias patterns and influencing factors of tyrosinase (TYR) gene in Wumeng Black-bone chickens during the evolution process. The relationship between phylogenetic evolution and codon usage bias among different species were analyzed, so as to provide reference for efficient heterologous genetic transformation of TYR gene in Black-bone chickens. Method Using the CDS of TYR gene in Wumeng Black-bone chickens and 22 other species as materials, and CodonW 1.4.4, CUSP, CHIPS and EMBOSS software were used to analyze the codon usage bias patterns of TYR gene. The possible factors causing codon preference were analyzed by Neutrality-plot and PR2-plot. The codon usage bias clustering heat map of TYR gene were constructed based on relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) value, and phylogenetic relationship of TYR gene CDS among different species were analyzed by ClustalX 1.83 and Mega 7.0 software. The codon usage frequency of TYR gene in Wumeng Black-bone chickens was compared with that of genomic codons in model organisms such as Mus musculusDanio rerio and Escherichia coli. Result There were 27 preferred codons (RSCU>1.0) of TYR gene in Wumeng Black-bone chickens, and ATC, CTG, AGA, TCT, TCA, and ACT were dominant codons (RSCU>1.6). The GC3s, GC, ENC and CBI values of TYR gene were 50.38%, 47.30%, 54.57, and 0.025, respectively, indicating weak preference. The content of GC3s and GC in Cyprinidae were all higher than 55%, which indicated that the third base prefered to use G/C. Neutrality-plot and PR2-plot analysis results showed that natural selection pressure was the main factor in the formation of codon usage preference of TYR gene in different species. The clustering heat map and phylogenetic evolution results based on RSCU value and CDS were not completely consistent, but both clustering results suggested that the CDS codon usage preferences of TYR gene in Galliformes, such as Wumeng Black-bone chickens, Gallusgallus, and Coturnix japonica, were similar. Compared with Mus musculus and Escherichia coliDanio rerio was more suitable as the heterologous expression system for TYR gene in Wumeng Black-bone chickens. Conclusion There were differences in codon usage bias patterns of TYR gene in different species, and natural selection was the main influencing factor in the formation of these preferences. Danio rerio might be the genetic transformation receptor for functional analysis of TYR gene in Wumeng Black-bone chickens.

Key words: Wumeng Black-bone chickens; TYR gene; codon usage bias; molecular evolution; heterologous expression

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