窦前卵泡体外培养在反刍动物中的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.02.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Preantral follicles represent a critical stage in the transition from follicular quiescence to active growth and are abundant in the ovaries of ruminants， possessing high developmental potential and significant application value. With the advancement of reproductive biotechnology， in vitro culture of preantral follicles has become an important focus in ruminant reproductive biology as an assisted reproductive approach. This technique not only contributes to improve livestock reproductive efficiency but also provides new strategies for the preservation of genetic resources and population restoration of endangered species. However， the in vitro development of ruminant preantral follicles is still constrained by multiple factors， such as the structural complexity of follicles， instability of culture systems， and low oocyte developmental competence， which limit its further application. Ruminant preantral follicles can achieve a certain degree of growth and development under in vitro conditions， and some studies have obtained early embryos such as morulae， but the overall maturation rate and developmental potential remain limited. This review systematically summarizes the isolation methods and in vitro culture systems of ruminant preantral follicles， including mechanical and enzymatic isolation， in situ culture， two-dimensional culture， and three-dimensional culture， and compares the differences among these methods and systems in terms of follicular integrity， applicability， and developmental performance. Future studies should focus on the standardization of isolation methods， optimization of culture systems， and elucidation of the mechanisms underlying long-term follicle survival and in vitro maturation， with the goal of establishing more efficient and stable culture systems and promoting the application of this technology in livestock production and the conservation of endangered species.

Key words: ruminants; preantral follicles; in vitro culture; isolation techniques

CLC Number:

S814

GUO Zhihan, LI Yang, WANG Shaoxiong, HAN Zhiqiang, LI Xiao, CUI Bingbing, LYU Jie, ZHANG Guanglei, XU Chao. Research Progress on in vitro Culture of Preantral Follicles in Ruminants[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(2): 532-542.

Figures/Tables 1

Table 1

In vitro culture of preantral follicle in ruminants"

物种 Species	培养方式 Culture method	培养时间 Culture time/d	特殊处理 Special treatment	培养基及添加剂 Medium and Supplements	结果 Results	参考文献 References
牛 Cattle	原位	7	3种基础培养基比较	α-MEM、TCM199、McCoy’s 5A、HEPPS、谷氨酰胺、胰岛素、转铁蛋白、硒、抗坏血酸、青霉素、链霉素	α-MEM、TCM199、McCoy’s 5A培养基中正常形态卵泡占比分别为48%、39%和44%，发育卵泡占比分别为39%、26%和26%	Jimenez等^［38］
		7	41 ℃下12 h后38.5 ℃培养至结束	TCM199、谷氨酰胺、次黄嘌呤、牛血清白蛋白、胰岛素、转铁蛋白、硒、抗坏血酸	对照组和热应激组中正常形态卵泡占比分别为52.55%和40.97%，生长卵泡占比92.31%和90.91%	Paes等^［40］
		6	添加10 ng/mL TNF-α或10 ng/mL地塞米松	α-MEM、胰岛素转铁蛋白硒、谷氨酰胺、次黄嘌呤、牛血清白蛋白、青霉素、链霉素	对照组、添加TNF-α和地塞米松组中卵母细胞凋亡率分别为43.90%、56.25%和47.61%，颗粒细胞凋亡率分别为6.85%、26.99%和16.66%	Silva等^［42］
山羊 Goat	原位	18	FSH培养8 d后，添加FGF-10继续培养8 d（FSH-FGF-10）	α-MEM、谷氨酰胺、次黄嘌呤、牛血清白蛋白、胰岛素转铁蛋白硒、抗坏血酸	α-MEM或FSH-FGF-10培养基中正常卵泡占比分别为28.67%和70.67%，生长卵泡占比38.71%和68.80%，卵泡直径分别为27.47和27.09 μm，卵母细胞直径分别为18.83和18.84 μm	Almeida等^［43］
		7	添加0~10 ng/mL皮质醇	α-MEM、谷氨酰胺、次黄嘌呤、牛血清白蛋白、胰岛素、转铁蛋白、硒	含0、1、5、10 ng/mL皮质醇组中卵泡平均直径分别为30.62、31.72、29.71和26.77 μm，卵母细胞平均直径分别为19.44、19.37、17.94和17.72 μm	Ponies等^［46］
绵羊 Sheep	原位	7	添加0~100 μg/mL EGCG	α-MEM、谷氨酰胺、次黄嘌呤、胰岛素、转铁蛋白、硒、牛血清白蛋白、抗坏血酸	α-MEM培养基及含0.01、0.1、1、10、100 μg/mL EGCG组中卵泡平均直径分别为40.89、37.15、39.09、48.17、44.39和40.74 μm，卵母细胞直径分别为27.24、25.10、26.07、31.36、30.81和27.02 μm	Barberino 等^［48］
牛 Cattle	2D	7	38.5 ℃ 16 h与41 ℃ 8 h交替培养	α-MEM、丙酮酸钠、非必需氨基酸，胰岛素、转铁蛋白、硒、人重组促卵泡素、人重组激活素A、牛血清白蛋白、抗坏血酸、青霉素、链霉素	对照组或热应激组中平均直径分别增加10.6和5.4 μm，相对于初始直径平均增加13.9%和7.6%，卵泡直径相对增加66.0%和52.4%	de Aguiar等^［56］
山羊 Goat	2D	12	以0.1、0.2、0.4 mg/mL巴西良木豆提取物作为培养基	α-MEM、谷氨酰胺、胰岛素、转铁蛋白、硒、次黄嘌呤、抗坏血酸	α-MEM及0.1、0.2、0.4 mg/mL巴西良木豆提取物组中卵母细胞成熟率分别为42.22%、16.20%、30.95%和7.50%，α-MEM+FSH或0.2 mg/mL AB+FSH组中卵母细胞成熟率分别为44.0%和42.5%	Gouveia等^［58］
		18	添加10 μg/mL重组人胰岛素、100 ng/mL重组牛FSH	α-MEM、谷氨酰胺、转铁蛋白、硒、次黄嘌呤、牛血清白蛋白、抗坏血酸、生长激素	卵泡日均增长11.4 μm，卵泡平均直径为426.0 μm，卵母细胞平均直径为124.45 μm	Ferreira 等^［61］
		18	添加10、15、100 mIU/mL重组人FSH	α-MEM、谷氨酰胺、人重组胰岛素、转铁蛋白、硒、牛血清白蛋白、次黄嘌呤、抗坏血酸	对照组及含10、50、100 mIU/mL重组人FSH组中卵泡平均直径分别为571.9、569.8、621.3和486.3 μm，卵母细胞完全生长率（>110 μm）分别为13.8%、5.3%、8.9%和6.9%	Ferreira 等^［62］
绵羊 Sheep	2D	12	添加1 μmol/L山柰酚	α-MEM、谷氨酰胺、胰岛素、装铁蛋白、硒、次黄嘌呤、牛血清白蛋白、抗坏血酸	添加1 μmol/L山柰酚和含抗氧化剂组中卵母细胞进入第一次减数分裂比例分别为11.54%和4.54%	Santos 等^［59］
		18	添加0.025 mol/L乳糖	α-MEM、牛血清白蛋白、胰岛素、谷氨酰胺、次黄嘌呤、转铁蛋白、硒、抗坏血酸	在α-MEM或含0.025 mol/L乳糖培养基中形态正常卵泡分别为75.55%和92.50%，卵母细胞减数分裂率为48.20%和54.50%	Andrade 等^［60］
牛Cattle	2D	18	添加5、10 ng/mL或5、10 μg/mL胰岛素	HEPE缓冲液、谷氨酰胺、转铁蛋白、硒、牛血清白蛋白、抗坏血酸、激活素A	添加5、10 ng/mL和5、10 μg/mL组中卵泡存活率分别为76.9%、94.2%、73.1%和71.1%，卵泡日平均生长大小分别为3.92、4.41、2.16和2.17 μm	Rossetto 等^［63］
牛Cattle	3D	18	添加100 ng/mL FSH	HEPES缓冲液、谷氨酰胺、转铁蛋白、硒、牛血清白蛋白、抗坏血酸、激活素A	对照组和100 ng/mL FSH组中卵泡存活率分别为72.2%和92.6%，卵泡日平均生长大小分别为4.28和8.63 μm	Rossetto 等^［63］
绵羊 Sheep	3D	8	1%、2%藻酸盐包裹分离卵泡；玻璃化冷冻卵巢皮质，2%藻酸盐包裹玻璃化冷冻卵泡	α-MEM、胰岛素转铁蛋白硒、FSH、生长分化因子-9	1%、2%藻酸盐组中包裹卵泡平均存活率分别为57.3%和41.8%，平均直径分别为41.9和54.06 μm；新鲜组或玻璃化冷冻组中卵泡平均活力分别为74.3%和65.1%，2%藻酸盐包裹新鲜或玻璃化冷冻卵泡平均活力为79.0%和60.6%	Sadeghnia 等^［69］

Table 1

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Research Progress on in vitro Culture of Preantral Follicles in Ruminants

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