荷斯坦牛体外胚胎移植受胎率群体规律及影响因素分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.030

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective In vitro embryo production and embryo transfer （IVP-ET） is one of the most important reproduction technology in modern dairy industry. This study aimed to analyze the influencing factors of pregnancy rate of in vitro embryo transfer in Holstein cattle， examine the phenotype characteristic of the pregnancy rate of in vitro embryo transfer using embryos transfer records from large-scale dairy operation， providing actionable information to optimize the technical system for somatic cell nuclear transfer. Method A total of 5 155 in vitro embryo transfer records were collected along with the corresponding pregnancy check results from 4 534 Holstein cattle in 11 large-scale dairy farms. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the effects of non-genetic factors （such as embryo-related factors） on embryo transfer successful rate. Result The overall pregnancy rate of in vitro produced embryo transfer in Holstein heifers was 51.29%. Several factors had an extremely significant effect on the pregnancy rate， including embryo-related factors （preservation status， developmental stage， in vitro culture duration） and the recipient’s transfer number. Specifically， the pregnancy rate of fresh embryos was extremely significantly higher than that of frozen embryos （P<0.01）. At different developmental stages， expanded blastocysts resulted in an extremely significantly higher pregnancy rate compare with blastocysts （P<0.01）. Among embryos cultured in vitro for different days， the transfer pregnancy rate of embryos cultured until the afternoon of the 6th day， morning and afternoon of the 7th day was extremely significantly higher than that of embryos cultured until the afternoon of the 8th day （P<0.01）. Furthermore， first-time recipients achieved an extremely significantly higher pregnancy rate compare with undergoing subsequent transfers （P<0.01）. Recipient age and the sire of the embryo had a significant effecton the pregnancy rate， heifers aged >14.5 to ≤15 months achieved the highest pregnancy rate （52.59%）， which was extremely significantly higher than that of heifers aged <14 months （P<0.01）. The sire of the embryo also significantly influenced the pregnancy rate （P<0.05）， indicating that the intrinsic quality of the embryo， as determined by the sire， was a critical upstream factor for transfer success， which underscored the strong interrelationship between the processes of embryo production and the final outcomes of embryo transfer. Conclusion Utilizing extensive embryo transfer data， this study demonstrated that embryo preservation status， developmental stage， in vitro culture duration， and recipient transfer number were critical determinants of pregnancy rate. The results underscored that enhancing embryo quality and rigorous recipient selection were key to increasing the efficiency of IVP-ET in Holstein cattle.

Key words: Holstein cattle; in vitro embryo; embryo transfer; pregnancy rate; population characteristics

CLC Number:

S814.4

LI Yanyan, HUANG Yuechuan, ZHANG Hailiang, MEI Cheng, YANG Minglu, ZHANG Menghua, XU Lei, FENG Yan, HUANG Xixia, WANG Yachun. Population Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Pregnancy Rates for in vitro Embryo Transfer in Holstein Cattle[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(1): 333-342.

Figures/Tables 6

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References 39

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性状 Traits	水平 Levels	数据量 Data size/条	受胎率 Pregnancy rate/%
受体牛发情天数 Days post-estrus in recipient cows	6~7	4 098	51.54
受体牛发情天数 Days post-estrus in recipient cows	8	1 057	50.33
黄体等级 Corpus luteum grade	1	2 477	51.15
	2	2 078	51.78
	3	600	50.17
移植次数 Number of embryo transfer for the recipient	首次移植	3 986	51.66
移植次数 Number of embryo transfer for the recipient	非首次移植	1 169	50.04
胚胎父本 Embryo sire	A001	25	60.00
	A002	196	59.18
	A003	167	58.68
	A004	14	57.14
	A005	173	56.07
	A006	339	55.75
	A007	36	55.56
	A008	22	54.55
	A009	802	54.49
	A010	193	54.40
	A011	352	54.26
	A012	1 018	51.18
	A013	30	50.00
	A014	768	48.70
	A015	23	47.83
	A016	71	46.48
	A017	101	44.55
	A018	580	44.31
	A019	25	44.00
	A020	49	42.86
	A021	171	39.77
胚胎保存状态 Embryo preservation status	新鲜胚胎	742	67.12
胚胎保存状态 Embryo preservation status	冷冻胚胎	4 784	50.06
胚胎发育阶段 Development stage of embryo	囊胚	1 101	47.41
胚胎发育阶段 Development stage of embryo	扩张囊胚	4 054	52.34

效应 Factors	自由度DF	卡方 χ²	P值 P-value
胚胎保存状态 Embryo preservation status	1	13.48	<0.01^**
受体牛月龄 Age of recipient	4	12.06	0.02^*
胚胎体外培养天数 Culture days of in vitro embryo	4	114.30	<0.01^**
胚胎发育阶段 Development stage of embryo	1	12.28	<0.01^**
移植次数 Number of embryo transfer for the recipient	1	9.50	<0.01^**
受体牛发情天数 Days post-estrus in recipient cows	1	0.73	0.39
黄体等级 Corpus luteum grade	2	0.85	0.65
胚胎父本 Embryo sire	20	37.30	0.01^*
场-人 Farm-technician	46	48.25	0.39

效应 Factors	水平 Levels	估计值 Estimated value	标准误 SEM	卡方 χ²	P值 P-value	优势比 Odds ratio	95%置信区间 95% confidence interval
胚胎保存状态 Embryo preservation status	新鲜胚胎	0.62	0.17	13.48	<0.01	1.86	1.33~2.58
受体牛月龄 Age of recipient	14	0.06	0.13	0.25	0.61	1.06	0.83~1.37
	>14且≤14.5	0.07	0.08	0.80	0.37	1.07	0.92~1.27
	>14.5且≤15	0.46	0.14	11.30	<0.01	1.59	1.21~2.08
	>15且≤17	0.42	0.17	5.94	0.02	1.52	1.09~2.13
胚胎体外培养天数 Culture days of in vitro embryo	第6天下午	0.86	0.23	14.24	<0.01	2.35	1.51~3.67
	第7天上午	0.85	0.20	17.24	<0.01	2.34	1.56~3.50
	第7天下午	0.62	0.21	8.68	<0.01	1.86	1.23~2.81
	第8天上午	0.08	0.21	0.13	0.71	1.08	0.72~1.62
胚胎发育阶段 Development stage of embryo	扩张囊胚	0.25	0.07	12.30	<0.01	1.28	1.12~1.48
移植次数 Number of embryo transfer for the recipient	首次移植	0.39	0.13	9.50	<0.01	1.48	1.16~1.90

Population Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Pregnancy Rates for in vitro Embryo Transfer in Holstein Cattle

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