降解玉米赤霉烯酮芽孢杆菌的筛选及其安全性评价

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.023

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to screen out Bacillus from sika deer that could efficiently degrade ZEN， and to provide a strain resource for ZEN detoxification in deer feed. Method Bacillus strains were isolated from faeces of sika deer by enrichment culture and streak plate separation techniques. The above strains were co-cultured with ZEN， and the degradation rate of ZEN was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The strains were identified by morphological， physiological， biochemical and molecular biological methods. The effects of time， temperature， initial pH of medium and toxin concentration on the degradation efficiency of ZEN were investigated. The safety of the strain was evaluated by intragastric test in mice. Result One ZEN highly efficient degrading bacterium RDY21 was isolated from the feces of sika deer. This bacterium could degrade 93.83% of ZEN （10 μg/mL） after 72 hours of incubation. Strain RDY21 could grow in an 8% sodium chloride environment and could utilize various sugars. The starch hydrolysis test， citric acid utilization test， propionate utilization test and V-P test were all positive. Whole genome sequencing analysis revealed that the average nucleotide identity between strain RDY21 and the type strain Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580 was 99.02%， and it was identified as Bacillus licheniformis. The optimal degradation temperature， time and initial pH of the culture medium for strain RDY21 to degrade ZEN were 37 ℃， 72 h and 7.0， respectively. It had a certain toxin tolerance under the environment of ZEN concentration ranging from 1 to 40 μg/mL．Compared with control group， there were no significant effects of Bacillus licheniformis RDY21 on average daily weight gain， average daily feed intake， organ coefficients， blood physiological and biochemical indices of mice after 28 days of administration （P>0.05）. Conclusion The Bacillus licheniformis RDY21 isolated in this study had the ability to degrade ZEN efficiently. It had no toxic side effects on mice and could be used as a candidate strain for microbial degradation of ZEN.

Key words: zearalenone; Bacillus licheniformis; microbial degradation; degradation characteristics

CLC Number:

S816.79

ZHANG Ting, YUAN Weitao, ZHANG Tietao. Screening of a Zearalenone-degrading Bacillus Strainand Its Safety Evaluation[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(1): 256-265.

Figures/Tables 13

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References 28

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菌株 Strains	参考菌株 Reference strains	参考菌株登录号 Reference strain accession No.	相似性 Similarity/%
RDY03	贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Bacillus velezensis	PV014871.1	95.63
RDY04	细长赖氨酸芽孢杆Lysinbacillus macroides	MF170826.1	99.71
RDY08	波茨坦短芽孢杆菌Brevibacillus borstelensis	MT292327.1	100.00
RDY11	枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtils	MG576180.1	99.50
RDY15	纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢Lysinibacillus fusiformis	MZ895414.1	99.80
RDY18	解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens	QR220472.1	95.73
RDY21	地衣芽孢杆菌Bacillus licheniformis	HE804782.1	99.61
RDY29	海内氏芽孢杆菌Bacillus haynesii	PV915283.1	98.47

项目Items	结果Results	项目Items	结果Results
淀粉水解试验 Starch hydrolysis test	+	α-D-葡糖Alpha-D-glucose	＋
硝酸盐还原试验 Nitrate reduction test	-	D-半乳糖D-galactose	W
柠檬酸利用试验Citric acid utilization test	+	D-甘露糖D-mannose	＋
丙酸盐利用试验Propionate utilization test	+	D-果糖D-fructose	＋
V-P试验 V-P test	+	α-D-乳糖Alpha-D-lactose	－
明胶液化试验Gelatin liquefaction test	-	D-岩藻糖D-fucose	－
8%氯化钠 8% sodium chloride	+	L-岩藻糖L-fucose	－
蔗糖Saccharose	+	L-鼠李糖L-rhamnose	W
D-麦芽糖D-maltose	+	D-甘露醇D-mannitol	＋
D-麦海藻糖D-wheat trehalose	+	D-山梨醇D-sorbitol	＋
D-纤维二塘D-fiber two ponds	+	甘油Glycerinum	＋
水苏糖Stachyose	-	D-阿拉伯醇D-arabinol	－
棉子糖Raffinose	W	肌醇Inose	W

项目 Items	对照组 Control group	试验组 Experimental group	P值 P-value
初始体重 Initial body weight	26.68±1.59	26.99±1.58	0.63
第7天体重 Body weight on day 7	37.12±1.76	37.19±2.30	0.93
第14天体重 Body weight on day 14	39.64±1.78	39.97±2.25	0.70
第21天体重 Body weight on day 21	41.50±1.91	40.89±1.93	0.76
第28天体重 Body weight on day 28	42.85±1.81	42.58±2.16	0.84
平均日增重 Average daily weight gain	0.58±0.05	0.55±0.06	0.30
平均日采食量 Average daily feed intake	6.56±1.12	6.84±1.82	0.82

项目 Items	对照组 Control group	试验组 Experimental group	P值 P-value
心脏指数 Heart index	0.55±0.06	0.53±0.03	0.42
肝脏指数 Liver index	4.68±0.46	4.28±0.47	0.37
脾脏指数 Spleen index	0.32±0.19	0.26±0.06	0.36
肾脏指数 Kidney index	1.48±0.18	1.44±0.21	0.69
胸腺指数 Thymus index	0.16±0.05	0.17±0.04	0.65

项目 Items	对照组 Control group	试验组 Experimental group	P值 P-value
白细胞数量 White blood cell content/（×10⁹/L）	6.29±0.78	6.53±1.00	0.65
红细胞数量 Red blood cell content/（×10¹²/L）	8.48±1.11	8.69±1.32	0.77
淋巴细胞数量 Lymphocyte content/（×10⁹/L）	4.33±0.75	4.60±0.72	0.53
单核细胞数量 Monocyte content/（×10⁹/L）	1.06±0.18	1.44±0.21	0.69
中性粒细胞数量 Neutrophil content/（×10⁹/L）	0.83±0.12	0.89±0.18	0.58
淋巴细胞百分比 Lymphocyte percentage/%	68.44±3.84	70.48±1.46	0.25
单核细胞百分比 Monocyte percentage/%	17.19±2.64	15.01±1.22	0.09
中性粒细胞百分比 Neutrophil percentage/%	13.45±2.18	13.67±2.47	0.86
血红蛋白浓度 Hemoglobin concentration/（g/L）	149.88±11.91	145.55±18.16	0.64

Screening of a Zearalenone-degrading Bacillus Strainand Its Safety Evaluation

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项目 Items	对照组 Control group	试验组 Experimental group	P值 P-value
胆固醇 CHO/（mmol/L）	3.17±0.20	3.06±0.15	0.32
甘油三酯 TG/（mmol/L）	1.06±0.17	1.04±0.14	0.87
葡萄糖 GLU/（mmol/L）	48.74±4.23	47.94±5.85	0.79
总蛋白 TP/（g/L）	36.45±5.94	38.67±3.03	0.43
白蛋白 ALB/（g/L）	23.05±2.88	24.60±2.48	0.34
球蛋白 GLB/（g/L）	68.44±3.84	70.48±1.46	0.25
天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶AST/（U/L）	89.18±16.29	88.99±14.12	0.98
丙氨酸氨基转移酶ALT/（U/L）	35.75±5.05	37.93±4.46	0.44
尿素 UREA/（mmol/L）	45.56±8.56	51.02±8.10	0.28
肌酐 CR/（μmol/L）	8.99±1.61	9.47±0.92	0.54

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