Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to analyze the population genetic structure and genetic diversity of the conserved population of Youxian partridge duck,so as to better protect and utilize this genetic resource. 【Method】 In this study,one male duck was selected from each of the 30 families in the Youxian partridge duck conservation farm for wing vein blood collection and DNA extraction.Genetic information was obtained through whole genome resequencing (WGS).Based on the resequencing data of the 30 male ducks,indicators such as observed heterozygosity (Ho),expected heterozygosity (He),population inbreeding coefficient (Fis),polymorphic information content (PIC),gene diversity index (Nei),effective number of alleles (Ne) and Shannon’s diversity index (SHI) were adopted to evaluate the population genetic diversity.G matrix,principal component analysis (PCA),population structure analysis and runs of homozygosity (ROH) analysis were used to reveal the genetic structure of the conserved population. 【Result】 18 853 217 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) loci of the sampled population of Youxian partridge duck were obtained after detection and screening.The G matrix analysis revealed that most individuals exhibited distant genetic relatedness,with only a minority displaying closer kinship relationships.PCA divided the samples into three subgroups,and most of the samples were relatively clustered.Among the subgroups,the fixation index (Fst) between subgroup 1 and subgroup 3 was 0.051,showing a moderate degree of differentiation.The Fst between the other subgroups were all less than 0.050.In the analysis of population genetic structure,when K=2,the population was optimally divided into two groups.The He of the Youxian partridge duck population was slightly greater than Ho (0.299 vs.0.288).The PIC,Nei and Ne were 0.258,0.324 and 1.524,respectively.A total of 493 ROH fragments were detected in the population.The total length of ROH was 333.80 Mb,and the average value of F_ROH was 0.011. 【Conclusion】 The ducks in the conservation farm of Youxian partridge duck had moderate genetic diversity.The genetic structure of the population was relatively stable.There was a certain degree of inbreeding relationship but at a relatively low level.For the subsequent conservation work,it was necessary to strengthen the introduction of external bloodlines,rationally plan mating schemes,improve internal management to maintain a low inbreeding level.

Key words: whole genome resequencing; Youxian partridge duck; genetic diversity; population genetic structure; conservation