饲粮中氯化铵添加水平对藏羊肝脏组织形态和代谢组的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.10.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究饲粮中氯化铵添加水平对藏羊肝脏组织形态和肝脏代谢的影响，为藏羊饲粮氯化铵适宜添加水平的核定提供参考。【方法】选取体重相近(16.22 kg±1.01 kg)、健康状况良好的2月龄早期断奶藏羊母羔80只，采用单因素随机试验设计，将羔羊分为4组，每组20只。各组羔羊饲粮中氯化铵添加量分别为0(CON组)、1.49%(NH1组)、2.24%(NH2组)和3.01%(NH3组)。试验期共105 d，其中预饲期为15 d，正式试验期为90 d。饲养试验结束后，每组随机选择5只羔羊屠宰，采集肝小叶用于肝脏组织形态学观察；另取适量肝脏组织样用于代谢组学分析。【结果】①CON和NH1组藏羊肝细胞组织结构正常，肝脏细胞以中央静脉为中心向周围放射状排列，排列整齐，细胞核大而圆，居中，肝血窦排列规则紧密；NH2和NH3组肝细胞汇管区出现炎性细胞浸润，肝板之间的肝血窦排列不规律，肝索形态不规则，界限不清晰；②CON组与NH1、NH2和NH3组之间共有308个差异代谢物，其显著富集在嘌呤代谢、β-丙氨酸代谢、戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸的相互转化通路(P＜0.05)；当饲粮中氯化铵添加水平为1.49%时，差异代谢物显著富集在嘌呤代谢等代谢通路(P＜0.05)；当饲粮中氯化铵添加水平为2.24%时，差异代谢物显著富集在次级胆汁酸的生物合成等代谢通路(P＜0.05)；当饲粮中氯化铵添加水平为3.01%时，差异代谢物显著富集在多样环境中的微生物代谢通路(P＜0.05)。【结论】在本试验条件下，饲粮中添加氯化铵主要影响藏羊肝脏的核苷酸代谢、糖代谢和脂质代谢。当饲粮中氯化铵添加水平≥2.24%时，可能会引发藏羊肝脏的炎症反应，且对肝脏正常生理功能造成不良影响。

关键词: 氯化铵; 藏羊; 肝脏组织形态; 代谢组学

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary ammonium chloride levels on the hepatic histomorphology and metabolism of Tibetan sheep,and expected to provide a scientific basis for determining the optimal dietary ammonium chloride level for Tibetan sheep.【Method】 A total of 80 healthy,2-month-old weaned female Tibetan lambs with similar body weight (16.22 kg±1.01 kg) were selected and randomly assigned to four groups (20 lambs per group),with dietary ammonium chloride levels set at 0 (CON group),1.49% (NH1 group),2.24% (NH2 group),and 3.01% (NH3 group),respectively.The experiment lasted for 105 days,including a 15-day preliminary period and a 90-day formal period.After the trial,five lambs were randomly selected from each group for slaughter.Hepatic lobules were collected for histomorphological observation.The remaining hepatic samples were stored for subsequent metabolomics analysis.【Result】 ①The histomorphological results indicated that the hepatic cells in the CON and NH1 groups exhibited normal structure,radiating from the central vein,well-arranged,with large,round nuclei centrally located,and regular,closely-packed hepatic sinusoids.In contrast,in the NH2 and NH3 groups,inflammatory cells infiltrated the portal areas,and the hepatic sinusoids and hepatic cords were irregularly arranged and indistinct.②There were 308 differential metabolites between the CON group and the NH1,NH2 and NH3 groups,which were significantly enriched in purine metabolism,β-alanine metabolism,and the interconversion of pentoses and glucuronates (P＜0.05).When the dietary ammonium chloride level was 1.49%,the differential metabolites were significantly enriched in purine metabolism and other metabolic pathways (P＜0.05).When the dietary ammonium chloride level was 2.24%,the differential metabolites were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of secondary bile acids and other metabolic pathways (P＜0.05).When the dietary ammonium chloride level was 3.01%,the differential metabolites were significantly enriched in the pathways of microbial metabolism in diverse environments (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment，dietary ammonium chloride primarily affected nucleotide metabolism,glucose metabolism,and lipid metabolism in the hepatic of Tibetan sheep.Notably,when the dietary ammonium chloride level exceeds 2.24%,it could trigger an inflammatory response in the hepatic of Tibetan sheep,which might adversely impact the normal physiological functions of the hepatic.

Key words: ammonium chloride; Tibetan sheep; hepatic histomorphology; metabolomics

中图分类号:

S816.7

马青玲, 包高良, 王志有, 桂林生, 侯生珍, 杨超. 饲粮中氯化铵添加水平对藏羊肝脏组织形态和代谢组的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(10): 4697-4708.

MA Qingling, BAO Gaoliang, WANG Zhiyou, GUI Linsheng, HOU Shengzhen, YANG Chao. Effects of Dietary Ammonium Chloride Addition Levels on Hepatic Histomorphology and Metabolome of Tibetan Sheep[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(10): 4697-4708.

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