阿什旦牦牛的分子遗传多样性及群体遗传结构分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.08.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究阿什旦牦牛的分子遗传多样性和群体遗传结构组成。【方法】试验选取52头阿什旦牦牛(32头公牛、20头母牛)，通过PCR方法扩增其线粒体DNA控制区(mitochondrion DNA D-loop,mtDNA D-loop)序列并测序，基于核苷酸序列变异探究阿什旦牦牛的母系遗传多样性和群体遗传结构。利用5个Y染色体单核苷酸多态性(Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism,Y-SNP)标记(SRY4、USP9Y、UTY19、AMELY3和OFD1Y10)和1个Y染色体微卫星(Y-chromosome short tandem repeat,Y-STR)标记(INRA189)，对32头阿什旦牦牛公牛进行PCR扩增和测序分型，分析其父系遗传多样性和群体结构组成情况。【结果】 ①PCR扩增测序共获得52条阿什旦牦牛mtDNA D-loop序列，长度为617～618 bp。比对分析共检测到49个SNPs位点，包括6个单一多态位点和43个简约信息位点；根据D-loop区序列间核苷酸变异共确定了29种单倍型。母系遗传多样性分析显示，阿什旦牦牛的单倍型多样度和核苷酸多样度分别为0.954±0.017和0.018±0.009。系统发育分析显示，阿什旦牦牛由Mt-Ⅰ和Mt-Ⅱ 2个母系遗传支系组成，其中Mt-Ⅰ为优势支系，由单倍型组A(H5、H6、H11～H14、H16～H18、H24～H27和H29)、B(H1、H3、H15和H23)和E(H2和H28)组成，占68.97%；Mt-Ⅱ支系由单倍型组C(H4、H7、H9和H21)和D(H8、H10、H19、H20和H22)组成，占31.03%。②基于Y-SNP和Y-STR分子标记的联合分型，在阿什旦牦牛中共确定6种Y染色体单倍型(H1Y1、H2Y1、H6Y1、H8Y1、H9Y1和H11Y2)。父系遗传多样性分析显示，阿什旦牦牛Y染色体单倍型多样度为0.742±0.049。系统发育分析显示，阿什旦牦牛6种Y染色体单倍型聚为Y1和Y2两个父系支系，占比分别为65.62%和34.38%。【结论】阿什旦牦牛拥有丰富的母系、父系遗传多样性，由2个母系支系(Mt-Ⅰ和Mt-Ⅱ)和2个父系支系(Y1和Y2)组成，与中国大多数牦牛品种(群体)的遗传结构组成相似。

关键词: 阿什旦牦牛; mtDNA D-loop区; Y染色体标记; 遗传多样性; 群体结构

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to explore the molecular genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Ashidan yak. 【Method】 Fifty-two Ashidan yaks (32 males and 20 females) were selected for the experiment，the sequences of their mitochondrial DNA D-loop (mtDNA D-loop) were amplified by PCR and sequenced.Based on nucleotide sequence variations,the maternal genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Ashidan yak were explored.PCR amplification and sequencing typing were performed on 32 Ashidan yak males using 5 Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism (Y-SNP) markers (SRY4,USP9Y,UTY19,AMELY3 and OFD1Y10) and 1 Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) marker (INRA189)，to analyze the paternal genetic diversity and population structure composition. 【Result】 ①A total of 52 mtDNA D-loop sequences of Ashidan yak were obtained by PCR amplification and sequencing,with a length of 617-618 bp.49 SNPs were detected through comparative analysis,including 6 single polymorphic sites and 43 parsimony information sites.29 haplotypes were determined based on the nucleotide variations between sequences in the D-loop region.Maternal genetic diversity analysis showed that the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of Ashidan yak were 0.954±0.017 and 0.018±0.009,respectively.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Ashidan yak was composed of two maternal genetic lineages,MT-Ⅰ and MT-Ⅱ.MT-Ⅰ was the dominant branch,consisting of haplogroups A (H5,H6,H11-H14,H16-H18,H24-H27 and H29),B (H1,H3,H15 and H23),and E (H2 and H28),accounting for 68.97%.MT-Ⅱ was composed of haplogroups C (H4,H7,H9 and H21) and D (H8,H10,H19,H20 and H22),accounting for 31.03%.②Based on the combined typing of Y-SNP and Y-STR markers,6 Y chromosome haplotypes (H1Y1,H2Y1,H6Y1,H8Y1,H9Y1 and H11Y2) were identified in Ashidan yak.Paternal genetic diversity analysis showed that the haplotype diversity of the Y chromosome in Ashidan yak was 0.742±0.049.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 6 Y chromosome haplotypes of Ashidan yak were clustered into 2 paternal branches,Y1 and Y2,accounting for 65.62% and 34.38% respectively. 【Conclusion】 Ashidan yak had rich maternal and paternal genetic diversity,consisting of 2 maternal branches (MT-Ⅰ and MT-Ⅱ) and 2 paternal branches (Y1 and Y2),which was similar to the genetic structure composition of most yak breeds (populations) in China.

Key words: Ashidan yak; mtDNA D-loop region; Y-chromosome markers; genetic diversity; population structure

中图分类号:

S823.8^＋5

盛欣, 郑文骞, 李鸿康, 陈生梅, 李瑞哲, 景建武, 胡广卫, 马志杰. 阿什旦牦牛的分子遗传多样性及群体遗传结构分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(8): 3767-3776.

SHENG Xin, ZHENG Wenqian, LI Hongkang, CHEN Shengmei, LI Ruizhe, JING Jianwu, HU Guangwei, MA Zhijie. Analysis of Molecular Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure of Ashidan Yak in China[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(8): 3767-3776.

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