饲料中添加不同剂量缩合单宁对花鲈生长性能、肝脏和肠道形态及肠道菌群的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.08.005

中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (8): 3551-3562.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.08.005

• 营养与饲料 • 上一篇

饲料中添加不同剂量缩合单宁对花鲈生长性能、肝脏和肠道形态及肠道菌群的影响

董芮绮^1,2, 邱建强^2,3, 孙文豪^2,4, 黄文², 曹俊明⁵, 赵红霞², 陈冰², 王国霞², 朱喜锋^2,6, 彭凯²

1. 上海海洋大学水产与生命学院, 上海 201306;
2. 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所, 农业农村部华南动物营养与饲料重点实验室, 广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室, 广州 510640;
3. 华中农业大学水产学院, 武汉 430070;
4. 广东海洋大学水产学院, 湛江 524088;
5. 广东省农业科学院, 广州 510640;
6. 广州飞禧特生物科技有限公司, 广州 510640

收稿日期:2025-01-13 发布日期:2025-08-02
通讯作者: 彭凯 E-mail:pengkai1016@126.com
作者简介:董芮绮，E-mail：dd2348919@163.com；邱建强，E-mail：qiujianqiang1124@126.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31902388)；国家外国专家项目(G2022030077L)；广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2022A1515010850)；科技创新战略专项资金(高水平农科院建设)专项(R2021PY-QY001)；科技创新战略专项资金(农业科研主力军建设)专项(R2023PY-QN003)

Effects of Different Dose of Condensed Tannins on Growth Performance,Liver and Intestinal Morphology and Intestinal Flora of Lateolabrax maculatus

DONG Ruiqi^1,2, QIU Jianqiang^2,3, SUN Wenhao^2,4, HUANG Wen², CAO Junming⁵, ZHAO Hongxia², CHEN Bing², WANG Guoxia², ZHU Xifeng^2,6, PENG Kai²

1. College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
2. Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China;
3. College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
4. College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
5. Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
6. Guangzhou Fishtech Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510640, China

Received:2025-01-13 Published:2025-08-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究饲料中添加不同剂量缩合单宁(condensed tannins，CT)对花鲈生长性能、肝脏和肠道形态以及肠道菌群的影响。【方法】在基础饲料中分别添加0(CT0)、1(CT1)、3(CT3)、5(CT5)g/kg缩合单宁，制备4组试验饲料。将花鲈(初始体重为4.38 g±0.02 g)随机分配到4组，每组分3个重复，每个重复35尾鱼，养殖周期为45 d。养殖结束后，统计每个重复花鲈的总数量、总重量、总摄食量，计算生长性能；每缸随机取3尾鱼，剖取肝脏与肠道制备石蜡切片并分析组织形态；另每缸随机选取3尾鱼，分离肠道内容物，测定肠道细菌菌群组成和多样性。【结果】与CT0组相比，CT1组花鲈的生长性能无显著差异(P＞0.05)，CT3组和CT5组花鲈的终末体重、增重率、特定生长率、摄食量显著降低(P＜0.05)，饲料系数显著升高(P＜0.05)。添加CT使花鲈的肝细胞出现不同程度的空泡化、纤维化及炎症浸润现象，其中以CT5组肝脏损伤最严重。添加CT导致花鲈肠道出现损伤，CT5组肠道绒毛萎缩严重、结构破坏明显。在门水平，花鲈肠道细菌菌群主要由变形菌门和厚壁菌门组成。随着CT添加量升高，变形菌门的相对丰度呈先下降后上升的趋势(P＞0.05)，而拟杆菌门、绿菌门、绿弯菌门的相对丰度呈现先上升后下降的趋势，在CT3组较高(P＜0.05)。在属水平，花鲈肠道细菌菌群主要由甲基杆菌属和罗尔斯通菌属组成。与CT0组相比，CT1、CT3、CT5组甲基杆菌属的相对丰度显著降低(P＜0.05)，CT3组拟杆菌属、粪杆菌属、罗氏菌属和萨特氏菌属相对丰度显著升高(P＜0.05)。与CT0组相比，CT3组Shannon指数显著升高(P＜0.05)。【结论】饲料中添加1 g/kg的缩合单宁不影响花鲈的生长，而3和5 g/kg的缩合单宁显著降低了花鲈的摄食量和生长性能，损伤了肝脏与肠道组织结构，干扰了花鲈的肠道菌群组成。

关键词: 缩合单宁; 花鲈; 组织形态; 肠道菌群

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different dose of condensed tannins (CT) on growth performance,liver and intestinal morphology and the intestinal flora of Lateolabrax maculatus. 【Method】 Four diets were prepared by adding 0 (CT0),1 (CT1),3 (CT3) and 5 (CT5) g/kg of CT in the basal diet,respectively.Fish (initial weight of 4.38 g±0.01 g) were randomly divided into four groups,with three replicates in each group and a total of 35 fish in each replicate.The feeding trial was lasted for 45 days.At the terminal of the feeding trial,the total quantity,total weight and total food intake of each tank were counted to calculate the growth performance.Three fish were randomly selected from each tank,and the liver and intestine were dissected to prepare paraffin sections and analyze the tissue morphology.Another three fish were randomly selected from each tank to isolate the intestinal contents and determine the composition and diversity of intestinal bacteria. 【Result】 Compared with CT0 group,fish in CT1 group had similar growth performance (P＞0.05),the final body weight,weight gain,specific growth rate,and feed intake of fish in CT3 and CT5 groups were lower (P＜0.05),whereas the feed coefficient was higher (P＜0.05).In CT1,CT3 and CT5 groups,the liver showed varying degrees of vacuolization,fibrosis,and inflammatory infiltration,with the most severe tissue damage observed in CT5 group.Dietary inclusion of CT caused intestinal damage,with fish in CT5 group showing severe atrophy of the intestinal villi and obvious structural damage.At the phylum level,the intestinal microbiota of fish was mainly composed of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria presented a trend of first decreasing and then increasing but was not significant (P＞0.05),while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes,Chlorobi and Chloroflexi presented a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and they were higher in CT3 group (P＜0.05).At the genus level,the intestinal microbiota of fish was mainly composed of Methylobacterium and Ralstonia.Compared with CT0 group,the relative abundance of Methylobacterium in CT1,CT3,and CT5 groups were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).The relative abundances of Bacteroides,Faecalibacterium,Roseburia and Sutterella in CT3 group were significantly increased (P＜0.05).Compared with CT0 group,the Shannon index in CT3 group was significantly increased (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Dietary inclusion of 1 g/kg of CT did not alter the growth performance,whereas 3 and 5 g/kg of CT significantly reduced the feed intake and growth performance,damaged the morphology of liver and intestine,and interfered with the intestinal microflora composition of Lateolabrax maculatus.

Key words: condensed tannins; Lateolabrax maculatus; tissue morphology; intestinal microflora

中图分类号:

S816.7

董芮绮, 邱建强, 孙文豪, 黄文, 曹俊明, 赵红霞, 陈冰, 王国霞, 朱喜锋, 彭凯. 饲料中添加不同剂量缩合单宁对花鲈生长性能、肝脏和肠道形态及肠道菌群的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(8): 3551-3562.

DONG Ruiqi, QIU Jianqiang, SUN Wenhao, HUANG Wen, CAO Junming, ZHAO Hongxia, CHEN Bing, WANG Guoxia, ZHU Xifeng, PENG Kai. Effects of Different Dose of Condensed Tannins on Growth Performance,Liver and Intestinal Morphology and Intestinal Flora of Lateolabrax maculatus[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(8): 3551-3562.

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饲料中添加不同剂量缩合单宁对花鲈生长性能、肝脏和肠道形态及肠道菌群的影响

Effects of Different Dose of Condensed Tannins on Growth Performance,Liver and Intestinal Morphology and Intestinal Flora of Lateolabrax maculatus

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