抗菌肽的性质、功能及优化策略研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.07.035

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来，抗菌药使用面临着严峻挑战，多重耐药微生物的持续增多严重限制了抗菌药的使用。细菌耐药性产生的机制复杂多变，加之新抗菌药的开发与生产耗时且成本高昂，因此，探索治疗耐药性细菌感染的替代疗法显得尤为重要。抗菌肽(antimicrobial peptides，AMPs)作为一类独特而多样的小分子肽，具有抗菌谱较广、抗病毒、不易产生耐药性、调节免疫等特点，在抗耐药菌疾病治疗领域展现出巨大的潜力。然而，目前AMPs在临床应用中面临重重挑战，如对宿主细胞较高的毒性、易被蛋白酶降解等问题。研究人员积极探索多种策略，致力于优化AMPs的结构设计，以期在提高其生物活性的同时，减少不良反应。笔者系统阐述了AMPs的来源、结构特性和作用机制，重点探讨了近年来在提高AMPs活性方面取得的突破性进展，涵盖氨基酸残基替换、重组片段设计、杂合肽构建、非天然氨基酸掺入等化学修饰方法，同时分析了AMPs与常规抗菌药、溶菌酶、纳米材料等联合使用的潜在价值，以期为AMPs在医疗卫生、农业及食品安全等领域的开发与应用提供理论基础。

关键词: 抗菌肽(AMPs); 性质; 功能; 优化策略

Abstract: In recent years,the use of antimicrobials has faced serious challenges,and the continuous increase of multi-drug-resistant microorganisms has severely limited the use of antimicrobials.The mechanism of bacterial resistance is complex and varied,and the development and production of new antimicrobials is time-consuming and costly.Therefore,it is particularly important to explore alternative therapies to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections.Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs),as a kind of unique and diverse small molecular peptides,have the characteristics of broad antibacterial spectrum,antiviral,not easy to produce drug resistance,immune regulation,etc.,and have shown great potential in the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial diseases.However,AMPs faces many challenges in clinical application,such as high toxicity to host cells and easy degradation by proteases.Researchers are actively exploring a variety of strategies to optimize the structural design of AMPs in order to improve their biological activity while reducing adverse reactions.In this paper,the origin,structural properties and mechanism of AMPs are described.The recent breakthroughs in improving the activity of AMPs are discussed,including amino acid residue replacement,recombinant fragment design,heterozygous peptide construction,incorporation of unnatural amino acids and other chemical modifications.At the same time,the potential value of AMPs combined with conventional antibiotics,lysozyme and nanomaterials was analyzed，in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of AMPs in the fields of medical health,agriculture and food safety.

Key words: antimicrobial peptides(AMPs); properties; functions; optimization strategies

中图分类号:

S859.79^＋7

梁丽娜, 支岩, 乌云格日乐, 胡格. 抗菌肽的性质、功能及优化策略研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(7): 3359-3371.

LIANG Lina, ZHI Yan, WU Yungerzele, HU Ge. Research Progress on Properties, Functions and Optimization Strategies of Antimicrobial Peptides[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(7): 3359-3371.

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